Area | Control (n = 20) | CD only (n = 13) | ADHD + CD (n = 14) | F | p value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |||
Frontal pole | 3.129a | 0.387 | 2.587b | 0.556 | 2.731a, b | 0.537 | 5.7 | 0.007 |
Superior frontal | 2.980a | 0.229 | 2.701b | 0.147 | 2.839a, b | 0.200 | 7.7 | 0.001 |
Rostral middle frontal | 2.541a | 0.278 | 2.127b | 0.109 | 2.344c | 0.199 | 14.1 | 0.000 |
Caudal middle frontal | 2.674 | 0.241 | 2.516 | 0.207 | 2.702 | 0.100 | 3.5 | 0.04 |
Lateral orbitofrontal | 2.920a | 0.188 | 2.338b | 0.146 | 2.437b | 0.162 | 57.3 | ≤ 0.001 |
Medial orbitofrontal | 2.694a | 0.227 | 2.195b | 0.110 | 2.166b | 0.245 | 35.2 | ≤ 0.001 |
Anterior cingulate | 2.777a | 0.373 | 2.450a, b | 0.471 | 2.269b | 0.391 | 6.8 | 0.003 |
Posterior cingulate | 2.823a | 0.232 | 2.300b | 0.237 | 2.384b | 0.286 | 21.4 | ≤ 0.001 |
Precentral | 2.705a | 0.179 | 2.370b | 0.149 | 2.598a | 0.117 | 18.6 | ≤ 0.001 |
Insula | 3.232a | 0.255 | 2.954b | 0.287 | 2.939b | 0.188 | 7.8 | 0.001 |
Post central | 2.201a | 0.147 | 1.960b | 0.194 | 2.046b | 0.153 | 9.3 | ≤ 0.001 |
Precuneus | 2.678a | 0.206 | 2.270b | 0.158 | 2.315b | 0.147 | 27.2 | ≤ 0.001 |
Superior temporal | 2.945a | 0.221 | 2.598b | 0.096 | 2.786c | 0.113 | 17.5 | ≤ 0.001 |
Lateral occipital | 2.267a | 0.169 | 1.874b | 0.094 | 2.073c | 0.217 | 21.5 | ≤ 0.001 |
Mean left hemispheric | 2.669a | 0.144 | 2.348b | 0.075 | 2.513c | 0.095 | 31.3 | ≤ 0.001 |