Table 3 Distribution of the depression, anxiety, and stress according to sociodemographic characteristics of participants (n = 147)
Characteristics | Depression n (%) | Anxiety n (%) | Stress n (%) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal | Moderate | Severe | Normal | Moderate | Severe | Normal | Moderate | Severe | |
Gender | |||||||||
 Male | 21 (28.4) | 4 (14.8) | 13 (28.3) | 23 (32.4) | 4 (14.3) | 11 (22.9) | 18 (22.8) | 10 (30.3) | 10 (28.6) |
 Female | 53 (71.6) | 23 (85.2) | 33 (71.7) | 48 (67.6) | 24 (85.7) | 37 (77.1) | 61 (77.2) | 23 (69.7) | 25 (71.4) |
|  | χ2 = 2.102, p = 0.350 | χ2 = 3.755, p = 0.153 | χ2 = 0.864, p = 0.649 | ||||||
Age group | |||||||||
 ≤ 20 | 45 (60.8) | 10 (37) | 26 (56.5) | 44 (62) | 12 (42.9) | 25 (52.1) | 44 (55.7) | 19 (57.6) | 18 (51.4) |
 > 20 | 29 (39.2) | 17 (63) | 20 (43.5) | 27 (38) | 16 (57.1) | 23 (47.9) | 35 (44.3) | 14 (42.4) | 17 (48.6) |
|  | χ2 = 4.574, p = 0.102 | χ2 = 3.228, p = 0.199 | χ2 = 0.284, p = 0.868 | ||||||
Years of studies | |||||||||
 Year 1 | 23 (31.1) | 4 (14.8) | 13 (28.3) | 26 (36.6) | 1 (3.6) | 13 (27.1) | 24 (30.4) | 9 (27.3) | 7 (20) |
 Year 2 | 12 (16.2) | 3 (11.1) | 8 (17.4) | 13 (18.3) | 5 (17.9) | 5 (10.4) | 12 (15.2) | 5 (15.2) | 6 (17.1) |
 Year 3 | 16 (21.6) | 9 (33.3) | 7 (15.2) | 12 (16.9) | 10 (35.7) | 10 (20.8) | 18 (22.8) | 7 (21.2) | 7 (20) |
 Year 4 | 14 (18.9) | 6 (22.2) | 7 (15.2) | 13 (18.3) | 5 (17.9) | 9 (18.8) | 14 (17.7) | 5 (15.2) | 8 (22.9) |
 Year 5 | 9 (12.2) | 5 (18.5) | 11 (23.9) | 7 (9.9) | 7 (25) | 11 (22.9) | 11 (13.9) | 7 (21.2) | 7 (20) |
|  | χ2 = 7.804, p = 0.453 | χ2 = 16.781, p = 0.032 | χ2 = 2.675, p = 0.953 | ||||||
Household income | |||||||||
 Below average | 5 (6.8) | 0 (0) | 4 (8.7) | 4 (5.6) | 2 (7.1) | 3 (6.3) | 5 (6.3) | 0 (0) | 4 (11.4) |
 Average | 59 (79.9) | 21 (77.8) | 37 (80.4) | 56 (78.9) | 24 (85.7) | 37 (77.1) | 64 (81) | 26 (78.8) | 27 (77.1) |
 Above average | 10 (13.5) | 6 (22.2) | 5 (10.9) | 11 (15.5) | 2 (7.1) | 8 (16.7) | 10 (12.7) | 7 (21.2) | 4 (11.4) |
|  | χ2 = 3.812, p = 0.432 | χ2 = 1.514, p = 0.824 | χ2 = 5.139, p = 0.273 | ||||||
Chronic illness | |||||||||
 Yes | 8 (10.8) | 1 (3.7) | 10 (21.7) | 4 (5.6) | 4 (14.3) | 11 (22.9) | 4 (5.1) | 5 (15.2) | 10 (28.6) |
 No | 66 (89.2) | 26 (96.3) | 36 (78.3) | 67 (94.4) | 24 (85.7) | 37 (77.1) | 75 (94.9) | 28 (84.8) | 25 (71.4) |
|  | χ2 = 5.509, p = 0.064 | χ2 = 7.658, p = 0.022 | χ2 = 12.097, p = 0.002 | ||||||
Mental health prob | |||||||||
 Yes | 15 (20.3) | 7 (25.9) | 21 (45.7) | 10 (14.1) | 11 (39.3) | 22 (45.8) | 15 (19) | 9 (27.3) | 19 (54.3) |
 No | 59 (79.7) | 20 (74.1) | 25 (54.3) | 61 (85.9) | 17 (60.7) | 26 (54.2) | 64 (81) | 24 (72.7) | 16 (45.7) |
|  | χ2 = 9.007, p = 0.011 | χ2 = 15.632, p < 0.001 | χ2 = 14.683, p < 0.001 | ||||||