Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics: schizophrenia and controls

Age (years) (mean and SD)

37.0 ± 9.8

36.9 ± 10.2

t = 0.019

0.905

Sex

N (%)

N (%)

 Female

25 (31.3%)

13 (32.5%)

χ2 = 0.19

0.890

 Male

55 (68.8%)

27 (67.5%)

Weight (kg) (mean and SD)

78.6 ± 20.7

73.0 ± 11.9

t = 1.574

0.007*

Height (cm) (mean and SD)

168.7 ± 9.1

171.5 ± 7.3

t =  − 1.674

0.133

BMI (kg/m²) (mean and SD)

27.6 ± 6.9

24.8 ± 3.6

t = 2.367

 < 0.001*

Smoking

N (%)

N (%)

 Non-smoker

32 (40.0%)

19 (47.5%)

χ2 = 1.345

0.510

 Ex-smoker

2 (2.5%)

2 (5.0%)

 Current smoker

46 (57.5%)

19 (47.5%)

Education

N (%)

N (%)

 Primary

9 (11.3%)

6 (15.0%)

χ2 = 1.171

0.760

 Preparatory

13 (16.3%)

6 (15.0%)

 Secondary

33 (41.3%)

13 (32.5%)

 University

25 (31.3%)

15 (37.5%)

Employment

N (%)

N (%)

 Employed

23 (28.8%)

13 (32.5%)

χ2 = 1.79

0.673

 Unemployed

57 (71.3%)

27 (67.5%)

Total PANSS score (mean and SD)

78.33 ± 32.707

–

–

–

PANSS P score (mean and SD)

19.32 ± 10.815

–

–

–

PANSS N score (mean and SD)

20.05 ± 8.894

–

–

–

PANSS G score (mean and SD)

38.95 ± 16.194

–

–

–

GAF score (mean and SD)

47.09 ± 24.718

–

–

–

TMT-A score (mean and SD)

108.89 ± 85.045

–

–

–

TMT-B score (mean and SD)

217.77 ± 79.615

–

–

–

Duration of psychotic disorder (years) (mean and SD)

12.106 ± 7.4878

–

–

–

Duration of untreated psychosis (years) (mean and SD)

3.000 ± 2.5890

–

–

–

Total bilirubin (mg/dL) (mean and SD)

0.463 ± 0.222

0.207 ± 0.061

t = 7.140

p =  < 0.001*

Direct bilirubin (mg/dL) (mean and SD)

0.099 ± 0.0373

0.0850. ± 0362

t = 1.923

p = 0.083*

Indirect bilirubin (mg/dL) (mean and SD)

0.359 ± 0.1966

0.125 ± 0.043

t = 7.413

p =  < 0.001*