Table 2 Comparison between elderly patients who needed caregivers and those who did not regarding sociodemographic data, medical condition, and functional status

Age

Mean ± SD

73.73 ± 8.62

68.74 ± 6.99

3.870

0.000

HS

Range

60–96

60–87

Sex

Male

49 (36.3%)

18 (31.6%)

0.393

0.531

NS

Female

86 (63.7%)

39 (68.4%)

LOS

Median (IQR)

12 (7–18)

11 (7–18)

 − 1.193

0.233

NS

Range

2–68

4–34

Education level

Low

108 (80.0%)

50 (87.7%)

2.114

0.348

NS

Moderate

16 (11.9%)

3 (5.3%)

High

11 (8.1%)

4 (7.0%)

Marital status

Single

2 (1.5%)

1 (1.8%)

2.361

0.501

NS

Married

59 (43.7%)

30 (52.6%)

Widow

71 (52.6%)

26 (45.6%)

Divorced

3 (2.2%)

0 (0.0%)

Child no

Median (IQR)

4 (2–5)

3.5 (2–4)

 − 0.332

0.740

NS

Range

0–10

0–10

Smoking

Yes

13 (9.6%)

5 (8.8%)

0.267

0.875

NS

No

100 (74.1%)

41 (71.9%)

Ex-smoker

22 (16.3%)

11 (19.3%)

COPD

Yes

25 (18.5%)

6 (10.5%)

1.891

0.169

NS

No

110 (81.5%)

51 (89.5%)

BA

Yes

10 (7.4%)

6 (10.5%)

0.510

0.475

NS

No

125 (92.6%)

51 (89.5%)

Infections

Yes

69 (51.1%)

20 (35.1%)

4.138

0.042

S

No

66 (48.9%)

37 (64.9%)

DM

Yes

64 (47.4%)

30 (52.6%)

0.438

0.508

NS

No

71 (52.6%)

27 (47.4%)

Neurological

Yes

46 (34.1%)

9 (15.8%)

6.555

0.010

S

No

89 (65.9%)

48 (84.2%)

Dementia

Yes

59 (43.7%)

0 (0.0%)

35.962

0.000

HS

No

76 (56.3%)

57 (100.0%)

HF

Yes

25 (18.5%)

13 (22.8%)

0.464

0.496

NS

No

110 (81.5%)

44 (77.2%)

CLD

Yes

19 (14.1%)

13 (22.8%)

2.201

0.138

NS

No

116 (85.9%)

44 (77.2%)

Thyroid dis

Yes

7 (5.2%)

5 (8.8%)

0.880

0.348

NS

No

128 (94.8%)

52 (91.2%)

HTN

Yes

88 (65.2%)

33 (57.9%)

0.914

0.339

NS

No

47 (34.8%)

24 (42.1%)

ISHD

Yes

41 (30.4%)

19 (33.3%)

0.164

0.686

NS

No

94 (69.6%)

38 (66.7%)

CKD

Yes

16 (11.9%)

11 (19.3%)

1.839

0.175

NS

No

119 (88.1%)

46 (80.7%)

Cancer

Yes

8 (5.9%)

6 (10.5%)

1.255

0.263

NS

No

127 (94.1%)

51 (89.5%)

DVT

Yes

7 (5.2%)

1 (1.8%)

1.181

0.277

NS

No

128 (94.8%)

56 (98.2%)

UI

Yes

88 (65.2%)

9 (15.8%)

39.119

0.000

HS

No

47 (34.8%)

48 (84.2%)

OA

Yes

57 (42.2%)

31 (54.4%)

2.389

0.122

NS

No

78 (57.8%)

26 (45.6%)

Delirium

Yes

24 (17.8%)

2 (3.5%)

6.970

0.008

HS

No

111 (82.2%)

55 (96.5%)

MNA

Malnurished

56 (41.5%)

9 (15.8%)

13.290

0.001

HS

Risk

54 (40.0%)

28 (49.1%)

Normal

25 (18.5%)

20 (35.1%)

Depression

Yes

33 (24.4%)

17 (29.8%)

0.602

0.438

NS

No

102 (75.6%)

40 (70.2%)

Charlson

Median (IQR)

6 (5–7)

5 (3–6)

 − 3.599

0.000

HS

Range

2–12

2–8

ADL

Median (IQR)

1 (0–2)

6 (6–6)

 − 10.495

0.000

HS

Range

0–6

4–6

IADL

Median (IQR)

0 (0–2)

8 (6–8)

 − 10.611

0.000

HS

Range

0–6

0–8

Medications no

Median (IQR)

3 (2–5)

2 (1–4.5)

 − 1.479

0.139

NS

Range

0–10

0–9

Hearing imp

Yes

25 (18.5%)

11 (19.3%)

0.016

0.899

NS

No

110 (81.5%)

46 (80.7%)

Visual imp

Yes

53 (39.3%)

21 (36.8%)

0.099

0.753

NS

No

82 (60.7%)

36 (63.2%)

Sleep prob

Yes

58 (53.7%)

5 (29.4%)

3.467

0.063

NS

No

50 (46.3%)

12 (70.6%)

Sleep no

Median (IQR)

6 (4–7)

7 (6–8)

 − 3.682

0.000

HS

Range

2–11

4–12

Mortality

Yes

27 (20.0%)

8 (14.0%)

0.957

0.328

NS

No

108 (80.0%)

49 (86.0%)

Comorbid

Median (IQR)

6 (4–7)

4 (3–5)

5.408

 < 0.001

HS

Range

1–10

1–8