Degenerative brain changes associated with tramadol use: an optical coherence tomography study

Khalil, Mohamed A.; Khalil, Noha M.; Esmael, Amanne F.; El-Makawi, Shirin M.; Saleh, Alia A.; Ayoub, Doaa R.

doi:10.1186/s43045-023-00374-6

Middle East Current Psychiatry

Table 2 Correlation between optical coherence tomography measures and clinical data in patients with tramadol use

From: Degenerative brain changes associated with tramadol use: an optical coherence tomography study

N = 25			Optical coherence tomography
N = 25			Rt RNFL average	Rt RNFL superior	Rt RNFL inferior	Rt GCC average	Lt RNFL average	Lt RNFL superior	Lt RNFL inferior	Lt GCC average
Age		rs	− 0.036	0.243	− 0.150	− 0.092	− 0.026	0.077	− 0.012	0.291
Age		P	0.864	0.242	0.475	0.662	0.903	0.714	0.956	0.158
Tramadol average dose		rs	− 0.256	− 0.324	− 0.120	0.107	− 0.200	− 0.256	0.018	− 0.161
Tramadol average dose		P	0.217	0.114	0.568	0.611	0.337	0.217	0.931	0.443
Duration of tramadol use		rs	0.100	0.348	− 0.025	− 0.009	0.063	0.179	0.074	0.412
Duration of tramadol use		P	0.633	0.088	0.905	0.967	0.764	0.392	0.724	0.041
Age at 1st tramadol use		rs	− 0.043	0.092	− 0.033	0.142	− 0.073	− 0.048	− 0.013	0.142
Age at 1st tramadol use		P	0.839	0.662	0.875	0.498	0.730	0.818	0.950	0.498
Addiction severity index	Medical	rs	− 0.177	− 0.257	− 0.076	0.329	− 0.235	− 0.315	0.036	0.152
	Medical	P	0.398	0.215	0.720	0.109	0.259	0.125	0.865	0.467
	Employment	rs	− 0.277	− 0.071	− 0.326	− 0.112	− 0.406	− 0.254	− 0.272	− 0.144
	Employment	P	0.180	0.736	0.112	0.595	0.044	0.220	0.189	0.493
	Drug use	rs	0.136	0.159	0.079	-0.057	0.192	0.192	0.272	0.057
	Drug use	P	0.517	0.449	0.706	0.788	0.357	0.357	0.189	0.788
	Legal	rs	− 0.146	− 0.057	− 0.070	0.102	− 0.243	− 0.205	− 0.118	− 0.054
	Legal	P	0.486	0.788	0.739	0.626	0.242	0.326	0.574	0.797
	Family history	rs	− 0.173	− 0.111	− 0.198	− 0.247	0.074	0.136	− 0.062	− 0.272
	Family history	P	0.408	0.597	0.343	0.234	0.725	0.517	0.769	0.189
	Family status	rs	− 0.085	0.135	− 0.201	− 0.198	0.017	0.160	− 0.094	0.166
	Family status	P	0.685	0.520	0.335	0.342	0.937	0.445	0.654	0.428
	Psychiatric problems	rs	− 0.007	0.154	− 0.043	− 0.272	0.044	0.078	0.157	0.134
	Psychiatric problems	P	0.973	0.464	0.839	0.188	0.836	0.713	0.455	0.524

RNFL retinal nerve fiber layer
GCC ganglion cell complex
rs Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient

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