Table 3 Binary logistic regression analysis (adjusted and unadjusted) for prediction of risk factors for insomnia

Age (mean ± SD)

31.7 ± 10.4

30.5 ± 9.7

0.989 (0.980–0.998)*

0.996 (0.986–1.007)

Sex

 Male

541 (81.2%)

125 (18.8%)

Reference

Reference

 Female

1578 (77.0%)

472 (23.0%)

1.3 (1.03–1.6)

1.1 (0.89–1.4)

Education

 Until preparatory

44 (81.5%)

10 (18.5%)

Reference

Reference

 Secondary

170 (76.2%)

53 (23.8%)

1.4 (0.6–2.9)

1.4 (0.6–2.9)

 University

1224 (77.3%)

359 (22.7%)

1.3 (0.6–2.6)

1.02 (0.5–2.2)

 Postgraduate

681 (79.6%)

175 (20.4%)

1.1 (0.6–2.3)

0.94 (0.4–2.0)

Residence

 Rural

477 (79.5%)

123 (20.5%)

Reference

Reference 1.1 (0.9–1.4)

 Urban

1642 (77.6%)

474 (22.4%)

1.1 (0.9–1.4)

SAS-SV (mean ± SD)

39.9 ± 7.5

44.9 ± 7

1.1 (1.08–1.1)*

1.09 (1.08–1.11)*

Interval between smartphone cessation and bedtime

Median (IQR)

15 (0–15)

0 (0–15)

0.993 (0.989–0.997)*

0.999 (0.995–1.003)

Most used applications

 Social media

1409 (78.1%)

395 (21.9%)

Reference

Reference

 Videos

77 (80.2%)

19 (19.8%)

0.9 (0.5–1.5)

1.2 (0.67, 1.9)

 Games

633 (77.6%)

183 (22.4%)

1.03 (0.8–1.3)

1.1 (0.9, 1.4)

Time spent on the smartphone (hours)

Median (IQR)

5 (3.6)

6 (4.8)

1.1 (1.1–1.2)*

––––––