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Middle East Current Psychiatry
Fig. 1 | Middle East Current Psychiatry

Fig. 1

From: Management of treatment-resistant depression with esketamine nasal spray: clinical questions for daily practice in Gulf Cooperation Council countries

Fig. 1

Mechanism of action of esketamine nasal spray. Figure adapted from Duman, R.S., Ketamine and rapid-acting antidepressants: a new era in the battle against depression and suicide. F1000Res, 2018. 7(F1000 Faculty Rev):659 [22, 25]. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

AMPA α‑amino‑3‑hydroxy‑5‑methyl‑4‑isoxazolepropionic acid, BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor, GABA γ-aminobutyric acid, NMDA-R N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor

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