Table 1 Demographics, characteristics, and management of patients with substance use disorders seen by the CLP service
Characteristics | Number (percentage) | |
|---|---|---|
Age (mean ± standard deviation) | 38.8 ± 18.55 | |
Gender | Male | 205 (73.7%) |
Female | 73 (26.3%) | |
Marital status | Single | 145 (52.1%) |
Married | 86 (30.9%) | |
Divorced/Separated | 21 (7.6%) | |
Widowed | 4 (1.4%) | |
Employment status | Employed | 80 (28.8%) |
Unemployed | 139 (50%) | |
Consultation type | Emergency consult | 209 (75.2%) |
Floor consult | 69 (24.8%) | |
Reason for presentation | Psychiatric | 93 (33.5%) |
Neurological (stroke, seizure) | 21 (7.6%) | |
Gastrointestinal (bleed, obstruction) | 16 (5.8%) | |
Cardiac (congestive heart failure, myocardial infarct) | 14 (5%) | |
Surgical | 9 (3.3%) | |
Infectious (urinary tract infection, pneumonia, meningitis) | 9 (3.2%) | |
Pulmonary (chronic pulmonary disease) | 8 (2.9%) | |
Nephrological (acute kidney injury, dialysis) | 1 (0.4%) | |
Oncological (cancer relapse and treatment) | 1 (0.4%) | |
Reason for a psychiatry consult | Intoxication | 66 (23.7%) |
Withdrawal | 66 (23.7%) | |
Suicidality | 55 (19.8%) | |
Anxiety | 31 (11.2%) | |
Agitation | 21 (7.6%) | |
Psychosis | 10 (3.6%) | |
Others | 29 (10.4%) | |
Past medical history (y/n) | Cardiac history | 72 (25.9%) |
Neurological history | 53 (19.1%) | |
Endocrinological history | 49 (17.6%) | |
Pulmonary history | 31 (11.2%) | |
Nephrological history | 21 (7.6%) | |
Gastrointestinal history | 19 (6.8%) | |
Oncological history | 5 (1.8%) | |
Past psychiatric history (y/n) | 189 (68%) | |
Past psychiatric medications (y/n) | 179 (64.4%) | |
Number of substances used | One | 166 (65.1%) |
Multiple | 89 (34.9%) | |
DSM-5 diagnosis | Alcohol use disorder | 166 (60%) |
Cannabis use disorder | 79 (28.4%) | |
Sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic (benzodiazepine) use disorder | 57 (20.5%) | |
Opioid use disorder | 48 (17.3%) | |
Stimulant (cocaine) use disorder | 43 (15.5%) | |
Other substance use disorders | 53 (19.1%) | |
Duration of substance use in years (mean ± standard deviation) | 11 ± 12.58 | |
Previous intervention (y/n) | 80 (28.8%) | |
Type of intervention (y/n) | Outpatient clinic follow-up | 63 (22.6%) |
Inpatient medically assisted withdrawal | 53 (19.1%) | |
Residential treatment (inpatient or intensive outpatient) | 41 (14.7%) | |
Length of hospital stay (if applicable) (mean ± standard deviation) | 14.19 ± 17.97 | |
Pharmacological recommendation (y/n) | Medications for withdrawal or cravings | 114 (41%) |
Antipsychotic second generation | 76 (27.3%) | |
Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor | 61 (22%) | |
Mood stabilizer | 25 (9%) | |
Antipsychotic first generation | 15 (5.4%) | |
Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor | 12 (4.3%) | |
Tricyclic antidepressant | 11 (3.9%) | |
Other medications | 39 (14%) | |
Application of CIWA or COWS by the primary team (y/n) | 97 (34.9%) | |
Individual psychotherapy recommendation (y/n) | 70 (25.2%) | |