Effects of child abuse and neglect on executive functions among children diagnosed with learning disabilities or attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder

Middle East Current Psychiatry

Table 1 Comparison between the Four studied groups according to history of abuse or neglect

	Group I (n = 100)		Group II (n = 80)		Group III (n = 60)		Group IV (n = 100)		Test of sig	p
	No	%	No	%	No	%	No	%	Test of sig	p
Abuse
Absent abuse	59	59.0	67	83.8	38	63.3	96	96.0	53.976^*	< 0.001^*
Physical abuse	30	30.0	8	10.0	20	33.3	4	4.0
Sexual abuse	6	6.0	2	2.5	1	1.7	0	0.0
Both	5	5.0	3	3.8	1	1.7	0	0.0
p₁			0.003^*		0.450		< 0.001^*
Sig. bet. Grps			^MCp₂ = 0.003^MCp₃ = 0.015^,p₄ < 0.001^*
Neglect
No neglect	77	77.0	67	83.8	46	76.7	98	98.0	21.275^*	< 0.001^*
Neglect	23	23.0	13	16.3	14	23.3	2	2.0	21.275^*	< 0.001^*
p₁			0.261		0.961		< 0.001^*
Sig. bet. Grps			p₂ = 0.293,p₃ = 0.001^,p₄ < 0.001^