Depression, poor sleep quality, and diabetic control in type 2 diabetes patients at Sunyani Regional Hospital, Ghana: a case–control study

Middle East Current Psychiatry

Table 4 Association between diabetic control and poor sleep quality

	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	p	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	P
All participants
Glycemic control	4.01 (0.48–23.78)	0.201
High total cholesterol	0.67 (0.34–1.34)	0.67
High triglycerides	2.99 (1.93–4.63)	< 0.001	0.58 (0.22–1.51)	0.264
Low HDL cholesterol	1.41 (0.92–2.15)	0.112
High LDL cholesterol	0.6 (0.31–1.14)	0.117
Dyslipidemia	0.97 (0.58–1.63)	0.911
T2DM patients
Glycemic control	0.78 (0.4–1.5)	0.452
High total cholesterol	3.46 (0.78–15.46)	0.104
High triglycerides	0.76 (0.36–1.58)	0.46
Low HDL cholesterol	3.14 (1.63–6.03)	< 0.001	3.2 (1.38–7.48)	0.007
High LDL cholesterol	1.2 (0.45–3.17)	0.716
Dyslipidemia	1.48 (0.53–4.16)	0.459
Non-diabetic controls
High triglycerides	4.51 (1.96–10.37)	< 0.001	2.54 (1.15–8.51)	< 0.001
Low HDL cholesterol	0.53 (0.28–1.01)	0.054
Dyslipidemia	0.93 (0.37–1.65)	0.401

Adjusted for age, gender, BMI, mean blood pressure, marital status, smoking, and drinking status in all participants and T2DM patients. In non-diabetic controls, adjustments were made for age, gender mean blood pressure, and BMI to maintain model stability (tolerance and valence inflation factor). No logistic regression model was performed for high total and LDL cholesterol levels in non-diabetic controls due to the low number of events in that group
HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein