Depression, poor sleep quality, and diabetic control in type 2 diabetes patients at Sunyani Regional Hospital, Ghana: a case–control study

Middle East Current Psychiatry

Table 3 Association between depression diabetes control and depression

	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	P	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	P
All participants
Glycemic control	1.49 (0.74–3)	0.269
High total cholesterol	1.88 (0.9–3.96)	0.095
High triglycerides	1.25 (0.76–2.05)	0.383
Low HDL cholesterol	1.71 (1.02–2.86)	0.043	0.87 (0.45–1.66)	0.665
High LDL cholesterol	3.1 (1.58–6.06)	< 0.001	4.81 (1.98–11.71)	< 0.001
Dyslipidemia	0.95 (0.52–1.74)	0.862
T2DM patients
Glycemic control	0.87 (0.47–1.6)	0.655
High total cholesterol	0.51 (0.16–1.6)	0.25
High triglycerides	0.71 (0.37–1.37)	0.306
Low HDL cholesterol	1.97 (1.05–3.72)	0.036	1.36 (0.62–2.97)	0.446
High LDL cholesterol	1.43 (0.61–3.35)	0.414
Dyslipidemia	0.54 (0.2–1.45)	0.221
Non-diabetic controls
High total cholesterol	15 (4.56–49.3)	< 0.001	10.71 (2.64–43.41)	< 0.001
Low HDL cholesterol	0.88 (0.32–2.4)	0.798
High LDL cholesterol	15 (4.56–49.3)	< 0.001	10.71 (2.64–43.41)	< 0.001
Dyslipidemia	0.44 (0.16–1.2)	0.108

Adjusted for age, gender, BMI, mean blood pressure, marital status, smoking, and drinking status in all participants and T2DM patients. In non-diabetic controls, adjustments were made for age, gender mean blood pressure, and BMI to maintain model stability (tolerance and valence inflation factor). No logistic regression model was performed for high triglyceride levels in non-diabetic controls due to the low number of events in that group
HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein