Table 2 Biochemical, depression, and sleep quality among study participants

Glycated haemoglobin, %

7.8 ± 3.5

5.1 ± 0.8

 < 0.001

Total cholesterol, mmol/l

5.6 ± 1.2

3.9 ± 1.1

 < 0.001

Triglycerides, mmol/l

2.4 ± 1.1

1.4 ± 0.8

 < 0.001

HDL cholesterol, mmol/l

1.1 ± 0.5

1.4 ± 0.4

 < 0.001

LDL cholesterol, mmol/l

2.3 ± 1.1

2 ± 1.2

0.015

vLDL cholesterol, mmol/l

0.48 ± 0.22

0.28 ± 0.09

 < 0.001

PHQ-9 score

7.9 ± 5.7

5.1 ± 3.8

 < 0.001

PHQ-9 score > 9, n (%)

63 (31.5)

17 (10.6)

 < 0.001

Global PSQI score

7.8 ± 3.9

5.5 ± 3

 < 0.001

PSQI score > 5, n (%)

148 (74)

64 (40)

 < 0.001