Table 4 The factors affecting sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) of patients with type 2 diabetes by univariate and multivariate linear regression

Age (year)

0.04 (− 0.004 to 0.08)

0.075

0.03 (− 0.007 to 0.07)

0.107

BMI (kg/m²)

0.05 (− 0.09 to 0.19)

0.478

-

-

FBS (mg/dl)

0.01 (0.003 to 0.02)

0.042

0.006 (− 0.003 to 0.01)

0.218

HbA1c (mg/dl)

0.34 (0.01 to 0.68)

0.043

0.16 (− 0.18 to 0.49)

0.356

Duration of diabetes (year)

0.02 (− 0.05 to 0.09)

0.573

-

-

Beck’s depression score

0.13 (0.08 to 0.17)

 < 0.001

0.11 (0.07 to 0.16)

 < 0.001

Sex

Male

Reference

-

-

-

Female

1.51 (0.4 to 2.61)

0.008

1.24 (0.17 to 2.30)

0.023

Education

Non_ academic

Reference

-

-

-

Academic

 − 1.01 (− 2.33 to 0.30)

0.133

0.12 (− 1.12 to 1.37)

0.849

Marital status

Married

Reference

-

-

-

Single

0.98 (− 0.49 to 2.45)

0.192

0.50 (− 0.87 to 1.87)

0.476

Underlying diseases

No

Reference

-

-

-

Yes

0.58 (− 0.54 to 1.70)

0.305

-

-

Complications

No

Reference

-

-

-

Yes

0.32 (− 0.83 to 1.47)

0.582

-

-

Type of medicine taken

Metformin

Reference

-

-

-

Metformin + Glibenclamide

0.11 (− 1.38 to 1.61)

0.882

0.79 (− 0.60 to 2.18)

0.263

Insulin

0.88 (− 0.40 to 2.16)

0.178

0.84 (− 0.33 to 2.02)

0.158