From: Maternal knowledge, coping strategies, and metabolic control of children with type 1 diabetes
 | Optimal | Suboptimal | Poor | F | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Problem solving | 8.4 ± 3.07 | 9 ± 2.4 | 7.5 ± 2.9 | 2.5 | 0.085 |
Emotional expression | 8.8 ± 1.8 | 10 ± 2.5 | 9.5 ± 2.1 | 1.5 | 0.211 |
Emotional regulation | 8.1 ± 3.2 | 9.8 ± 2.5 | 8.8 ± 2.8 | 1.7 | 0.178 |
Cognitive restructure | 10.9 ± 2.3 | 10.2 ± 2.3 | 9.1 ± 3.1 | 3.5 | 0.031* |
Positive thinking | 9.1 ± 1.3 | 10.2 ± 2.3 | 8.1 ± 2.5 | 1.9 | 0.148 |
Acceptance | 11.8 ± .41 | 11.1 ± 1.2 | 9.6 ± 2.6 | 8.1 | 0.001* |
Avoidance | 10 ± 2 | 9.4 ± 2.8 | 10.1 ± 2.2 | 0.93 | 0.396 |
Denial | 5.5 ± 1.5 | 5.8 ± 2.1 | 5.7 ± 2.5 | 0.09 | 0.908 |
Distraction | 3.9 ± 1.4 | 3.8 ± 1.3 | 4.5 ± 2.6 | 1.1 | 0.338 |
Wishful thinking | 10 ± 1.8 | 9.4 ± 2.9 | 8.4 ± 2.7 | 2.6 | 0.073 |
Rumination | 8.1 ± 2.5 | 8.2 ± 2.3 | 7.6 ± 2.9 | 0.63 | 0.536 |
Intrusive thoughts | 10.2 ± 2.6 | 9.3 ± 2.8 | 9.1 ± 3.4 | 0.85 | 0.432 |
Physical arousal | 10.2 ± 2.6 | 9.3 ± 2.8 | 9.1 ± 3.4 | 0.84 | 0.432 |
Emotional arousal | 10.3 ± 2.1 | 10.3 ± 2.1 | 9.8 ± 2.5 | 0.51 | 0.598 |
Impulsive action | 5.6 ± 3.1 | 5.5 ± 3.4 | 6.3 ± 3.4 | 0.65 | 0.524 |
Cognitive Interference | 3.6 ± 1.6 | 3.8 ± 2.1 | 4.6 ± 2.9 | 1.3 | 0.275 |
Involuntary avoidance | 5.4 ± 3.1 | 5.8 ± 2.4 | 5.8 ± 3.1 | 0.61 | 0.545 |
Inaction | 4.1 ± 1.8 | 3.5 ± 1.1 | 4.5 ± 2.8 | 1.6 | 0.189 |
Emotional numbing | 3.6 ± 1.1 | 3 ± 0 | 3.9 ± 2.3 | 3.4 | 0.036* |