|
Characteristics
|
Participants
|
P
|
Difference between proportions, %
|
|---|
|
All (N = 3529)
|
Males (n = 1260)
|
Females (n = 2269)
|
|---|
|
Age
|
21.30 ± 2.74
|
21.54 ± 2.89
|
21.17 ± 2.64
|
< 0.001
| |
|
Previous psychiatric diagnosis
|
219 (6.2%)
|
75 (6.0%)
|
144 (6.3%)
|
0.642
|
0.3%
|
|
Hours of Internet browsing per day
|
5.71 ± 4.47
|
5.57 ± 4.28
|
5.79 ± 4.58
|
0.153
| |
|
Alcohol use
| | | |
0.125
| |
|
Not at all
|
2552 (72.3%)
|
878 (69.7%)
|
1674 (73.8%)
| |
4.1%
|
|
One or 2 days
|
737 (20.9%)
|
284 (22.5%)
|
453 (20.0%)
| |
2.5%
|
|
Several days
|
186 (5.3%)
|
76 (6.0%)
|
110 (4.8%)
| |
1.2%
|
|
More than half the days
|
34 (1.0%)
|
14 (1.1%)
|
20 (0.9%)
| |
0.2%
|
|
Nearly every day
|
20 (0.6%)
|
8 (0.6%)
|
12 (0.5%)
| |
0.1%
|
|
Marihuana use
| | | |
0.006
| |
|
Not at all
|
3334 (94.5%)
|
1166 (92.5%)
|
2168 (95.5%)
| |
3.0%
|
|
One or 2 days
|
117 (3.3%)
|
55 (4.4%)
|
62 (2.7%)
| |
1.7%
|
|
Several days
|
45 (1.3%)
|
22 (1.7%)
|
23 (1.0%)
| |
0.7%
|
|
More than half the days
|
11 (0.3%)
|
6 (0.5%)
|
5 (0.2%)
| |
0.3%
|
|
Nearly every day
|
22 (0.6%)
|
11 (0.9%)
|
11 (0.5%)
| |
0.4%
|
|
Other substances use
|
728 (20.6%)
|
222 (17.6%)
|
506 (22.3%)
|
0.001
|
4.7%
|
|
GAD-7 score
|
6.17 ± 4.96
|
5.78 ± 4.93
|
6.39 ± 4.97
|
< 0.001
| |
|
PHQ-9 score
|
7.98 ± 5.63
|
7.62 ± 5.58
|
8.19 ± 5.65
|
0.004
| |
|
ICMH-IGD total sample score
|
13.30 ± 6.03
|
15.45 ± 6.81
|
12.11 ± 5.19
|
< 0.001
| |
|
Croatian sample score
|
437 (12.4%)
|
104 (8.3%)
|
333 (14.7%)
|
< 0.001
|
6.4%
|
|
Serbian sample score
|
316 (9.0%)
|
91 (7.2%)
|
225 (9.9%)
|
0.007
|
2.7%
|
|
Portuguese sample score
|
126 (3.6%)
|
31 (2.5%)
|
95 (4.2%)
|
0.008
|
1.7%
|
|
Turkish sample score
|
244 (6.9%)
|
94 (7.5%)
|
150 (6.6%)
|
0.341
|
0.9%
|
|
Vietnamese sample score
|
426 (12.1%)
|
141 (11.2%)
|
285 (12.6%)
|
0.231
|
1.4%
|
|
Polish sample score
|
156 (4.4%)
|
43 (3.4%)
|
113 (5.0%)
|
0.030
|
1.6%
|
|
Indonesian sample score
|
673 (19.1%)
|
188 (14.9%)
|
485 (21.4%)
|
< 0.001
|
6.5%
|
|
English sample score
|
1151 (32.6%)
|
568 (45.1%)
|
583 (25.7%)
|
< 0.001
|
19.4%
|
- p-value calculated Student’s t-test for continuous variables and the χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables
- GAD-7 Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale-7, PHQ-9 Patient Health Questionnaire-9, ICMH-IGD Internet Gaming Disorder Self-report for College/University Students by the International Child Mental Health Study Group
