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Table 5 Multivariate logistic regressions analysis of risk factors for internalizing, externalizing, and total problems in children

From: Does COVID-19 infection have an impact on children’s psychological problems?

Variable

Internalizing problems

Externalizing problems

Total problems

P value

Odds ratio

P value

Odds ratio

P value

Odds ratio

Gender

 Femalesa

0.159

2.867

0.233

0.561

0.426

0.732

Having COVID-19 infection

0.860

1.158

0.798

1.189

0.802

0.836

Number of childrenb

 Two

0.868

0.777

0.283

3.141

0.114

6.523

 Three or more

0.000*

15.858

0.280

1.731

0.148

2.212

Order of birthc

 Second

0.051

0.093

0.232

2.929

0.144

0.201

 Third or more

0.099

0.119

0.733

0.720

0.131

0.172

Delay of speech development

0.066

0.305

0.139

0.440

0.186

0.465

Delay of motor development

0.898

1.154

0.175

4.043

0.064

9.274

Family history of psychiatric disorders

0.013*

1.051

0.936

0.947

0.989

1.010

Total score of socioeconomic level

0.090

0.469

0.182

0.593

0.127

0.522

 Have family infection

0.053

0.222

0.160

0.441

0.670

1.300

 Have died family member

0.496

2.040

0.747

0.715

0.354

0.368

 School problems

0.004*

1.122

0.067

1.366

0.033*

1.274

 Social problems

0.346

2.274

0.878

0.904

0.446

1.795

 Problems in parent relationship

0.105

4.532

0.829

1.128

0.609

1.368

 Increase family expenses

0.413

0.460

0.068

0.260

0.074

0.190

 Decrease family income

0.178

0.305

0.167

2.552

0.467

1.775

  1. aMale gender was the reference
  2. bThe only child was the reference
  3. cThe first child was reference
  4. *Significant p value