The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on medical students’ mental health and sleep quality in Jordan: a nationwide cross-sectional study

Middle East Current Psychiatry

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of medical students in Jordan and its association with anxiety, depression, PHQ-4 total score, and FCV-19S score (n= 2104)

Variables	Anxiety subscale screening			Depression subscale screening			PHQ-4 total score		FCV-19S score
Variables	*Positive (n=1488)*	*Negative (n=616)*	*p-value*	*Positive (n=1475)*	*Negative (n=629)*	*p-value*	*Mean (SD)*	*p-value*	*Mean (SD)*	*p-value*
*Age* (mean 21.30, SD 2.2)	21.31 (2.2)	21.23 (2.1)	0.47	21.30 (2.2)	21.24 (2.1)	0.60	NA		NA
*Gender:*
Female (n= 1234)	875	359	0.82	856	378	0.38	7.05 (3.7)	0.59	14.59 (5.3)	0.75
Male (n= 870)	613	257	0.82	619	251	0.38	6.96 (3.6)	0.59	14.67 (5.5)	0.75
*Study level:*
1st year (n= 324)	230	94	0.054	221	103	0.44	6.89 (3.7)	0.19	14.65 (5.4)	0.18
2nd year (n= 481)	349	132		338	143		7.03 (3.5)		14.95 (5.6)
3rd year (n= 298)	206	92		207	91		6.85 (3.8)		14.60 (5.4)
4th year (n= 245)	156	89		169	76		6.70 (3.9)		13.94 (5.1)
5th year (n= 294)	200	94		200	94		6.95 (3.6)		14.86 (5.5)
6th year (n= 271)	204	67		206	65		7.49 (3.6)		14.18 (5.3)
Internship (n= 191)	143	48		134	57		7.28 (3.4)		14.96 (5.0)
*Personal history of mental illness:*
No (n= 1536)	1091	445	0.61	1093	443	0.08	7.06 (3.6)	0.39	14.73 (5.4)	0.16
Yes (n= 568)	397	171	0.61	382	186	0.08	6.90 (3.7)	0.39	14.35 (5.3)	0.16
*Family/close friend history of mental illness:*
No (n= 1033)	736	297	0.60	725	308	0.94	7.03 (3.6)	0.87	14.73 (5.3)	0.40
Yes (n= 1071)	752	319	0.60	750	321	0.94	7.00 (3.6)	0.87	14.53 (5.5)	0.40
*Sleep quality:*
Excellent (n= 196)	101	95	<0.001	94	102	<0.001	4.83 (4.2)	<0.001	12.95 (5.0)	<0.001
Good (n= 910)	664	246		643	267		6.93 (3.8)		14.26 (4.7)
Fair (n= 694)	525	169		538	156		7.75 (3.3)		15.37 (5.8)
Poor (n= 304)	198	109		200	104		7.00 (3.0)		15.10 (6.1)