Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics of the studied groups (n = 72)
Characteristics | Case group (n = 36) | Control group (n = 36) | Test | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Child age (years) | ||||
 Mean ± SD (range) | 9.10 ± 2.28 (4–11) | 9.80 ± 1.98 (4–11) | − 1.39a | 0.167 |
 4–7 | 8 (22.2%) | 5 (13.9%) | 0.845b | 0.358 |
 > 7–11 | 28 (77.8%) | 31 (86.1%) | ||
Child sex, No. (%) | ||||
 Male | 20 (55.6) | 17 (47.2) | 0.500b | 0.479 |
 Female | 16 (44.4) | 19 (52.8) | ||
Child education, No. (%) | ||||
 Uneducated | 5 (13.9) | 3 (8.3) | 1.272b | 0.736 |
 Kindergarten | 2 (5.5) | 1 (2.8) | ||
 Primary | 25 (69.5) | 29 (80.6) | ||
 Preparatory | 4 (11.1) | 3 (8.3) | ||
Fathers’ age (years) | ||||
 Mean ± SD (range) | 47.3 ± 10.7 (20–65) | 44.1 ± 10.0 (22–65) | 1.322a | 0.191 |
 20–39 | 11 (30.6%) | 15 (41.7%) | 1.382b | 0.501 |
 40–59 | 21 (58.3%) | 19 (52.8%) | ||
 ≥ 60 | 4 (11.1%) | 2 (5.5%) | ||
Mothers’ age (years) | ||||
 Mean ± SD (range) | 39.4 ± 13.8 (20–61) | 40.5 ± 14.3 (20–60) | − 0.34a | 0.731 |
 20–39 | 15 (41.7%) | 13 (36.1%) | 0.643b | 0.725 |
 40–59 | 18 (50%) | 18 (50%) | ||
 ≥ 60 | 3 (8.3%) | 5 (13.9%) | ||
Fathers’ education, No. (%) | ||||
 Uneducated | 26 (72.2) | 19 (52.8) | 2.90b | 0.088 |
 Educated | 10 (27.8) | 17 (47.2) | ||
Mothers’ education, No. (%) | ||||
 Uneducated | 23 (63.9) | 21 (58.3) | 0.233b | 0.629 |
 Educated | 13 (36.1) | 15 (41.7) | ||
Fathers’ occupation, No. (%) | ||||
 Not working | 15 (41.7) | 14 (38.9) | 0.057b | 0.810 |
 Working | 21 (58.3) | 22 (61.1) | ||
Mothers’ occupation, No. (%) | ||||
 Not working | 33 (91.7) | 29 (80.6) | 1.858b | 0.173 |
 Working | 3 (8.3) | 7 (19.4) | ||
Family income, No. (%) | ||||
 Insufficient | 24 (66.7) | 19 (52.8) | 1.443b | 0.229 |
 Sufficient | 12 (33.3) | 17 (47.2) | ||
Social class, No. (%) | ||||
 Low | 28 (77.8) | 32 (88.9) | 1.60b | 0.206 |
 Moderate | 8 (22.2) | 4 (11.1) | ||