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Table 2 Clinical and biochemical profiles of patients with diabetes

From: Cognitive impairment among patients with diabetes in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

Characteristics

N (%)/median (IQR)

*BMI (weight in kg/height in m2)

 < 18.5–24.9

12 (4.6)

 25–29.9

64 (24.4)

 ≥ 30

186 (71.0)

Practicing exercise

 Yes (1–5 days/week, 30 min each)

167 (62.1)

 No

102 (37.9)

Type of diabetes

 Type 1

34 (12.6)

 Type 2

235 (87.4)

Duration in years

 < 10 years

115 (42.8)

 ≥ 10 years

154 (57.2)

Frequency of testing

 Glucose home testing at least once daily

110 (40.9)

 HbA1c, at least once every 3 months

226 (84.0)

*HbA1C%

 Controlled, ≤ 6.5

81 (31.9)

 Uncontrolled, > 6.5

173 (68.1)

*Blood pressure

 High systolic blood pressure > 140 mmHg

88 (33.0)

 High diastolic blood pressure > 90 mmHg

16 (6.0)

 Combined, systolic > 140/diastolic > 90 mmHg

98 (36.7)

Comorbidities

 Hepatic

67 (24.9)

 Renal

38 (14.1)

 Cardiac

32 (11.9)

 Neurological

15 (5.6)

 Self-reported ophthalmic problems

153 (56.9)

 Self-reported numbness

138 (51.3)

Diabetes distress

 Distress of clinical importance, score ≥ 3

33 (12.3)

 Distress of any level, score ≥ 2

104 (38.7)

*Lipid profile

 LDL in mmol/L, median (IQR)

2.45 (1.04)

 High level of LDL ≥ 2.59 mmol/L

118 (44.2)

 Total cholesterol in mmol/L, median (IQR)

4.27 (1.36)

 High level of total cholesterol ≥ 5.18 mmol/L

51 (19.1)

 Triglycerides in mmol/L

1.39 (0.73)

 High level of triglycerides ≥ 1.69 mmol/L

70 (26.2)

 HDL in mmol/L, median (IQR)

1.14 (0.4)

 Low level of HDL ≤ 1.55 mmol/L

227 (85.0)

  1. *Data were missing for two cases each in lipid profile and blood pressure, seven cases in BMI, and in 15 cases in HbA1c