Cognitive dysfunction in adolescents with substance use disorder

Middle East Current Psychiatry

Table 6 Comparison between mono opioid, combined opioid, and non-opioid use groups with control group regarding WCST domains

	Combined opioids use group		Non-opioids use group		Mono opioids use group		Control group		p-Value
	N = 100						N = 40
	N	Mean ± SD	N	Mean ± SD	N	Mean ± SD	N	Mean ± SD
Number of categories completed	38	3 ± 1	60	3 ± 1	2	4 ± 2	40	5 ± 1	0.043*
Trials to first category	38	33 ± 4	60	32 ± 4	2	31	40	20 ± 3	0.1
Failure to maintain set	38	2 ± 1	60	2 ± 1	2	1	40	1 ± 1	0.1
Total number of errors	38	62 ± 13	60	59 ± 15	2	42 ± 1	40	34 ± 4	0.05*
Number of perseverative errors	38	33 ± 8	60	32 ± 9	2	22	40	18 ± 3	0.1
Number of perseverative responses	38	48 ± 5	60	42 ± 10	2	43	40	26 ± 4	0.039*
Number of non-perseverative errors	38	29 ± 6	60	27 ± 8	2	20 ± 1	40	16 ± 5	0.07

*p-value < 0.05 significance. Shows that combined opioid use group shows a higher mean than control group, non-opioid use group as regard number of perseverative response, and total number of errors; the difference had statistically critical (p = 0.039) and (p = 0.05), respectively, which mean that opioid use impairs flexibility critical. Combined opioid and non-opioid use groups show a lower mean than control group as regard number of category completed, and the difference had statistically critical p = 0.043. Combined opioid and non-opioid use groups show a higher mean than control group as regard number of perseverative errors, failure to maintain set, and trials to first category, but it had not statistically critical