|
Age of child (years):
|
|
Mean ± SD
|
9.7 ± 2.6
|
11.0 ± 3.5
|
0.02*
|
10.3 ± 2.2
|
10.3 ± 3.2
|
0.9
|
10.8 ± 3.1
|
9.2 ± 2.6
|
0.002*
|
|
Sex, n (%):
|
|
Male
|
52 (61.9%)
|
63 (95.5%)
|
< 0.001*
|
23 (79.3%)
|
92 (76.0%)
|
0.7
|
89 (90.8%)
|
26 (50.0%)
|
< 0.001**
|
|
Female
|
32 (38.1%)
|
3 (4.5%)
|
6 (20.7%)
|
29 (24.0%)
|
9 (9.2%)
|
26 (50.0%)
|
|
Residence, n (%):
|
|
Urban
|
78 (92.9%)
|
57 (86.4%)
|
0.2
|
29 (100%)
|
106 (87.6%)
|
0.04*
|
86 (87.8%)
|
49 (94.2%)
|
0.2
|
|
Rural
|
6 (7.1%)
|
9 (13.6%)
|
0 (0.0%)
|
15 (12.4%)
|
12 (12.2%)
|
3 (5.8%)
|
|
Social class, n (%):
|
|
Low
|
30 (35.7%)
|
45 (68.2%)
|
< 0.001*
|
14 (48.3%)
|
61 (50.4%)
|
0.5
|
54 (55.1%)
|
21 (40.4%)
|
0.6
|
|
Middle
|
32 (38.1%)
|
20 (30.3%)
|
8 (27.6%)
|
44 (36.4%)
|
21 (21.4%)
|
31 (59.6%)
|
|
High
|
22 (26.2%)
|
1 (1.5%)
|
7 (24.1%)
|
16 (13.2%)
|
23 (23.5%)
|
0 (0.0%)
|
|
Marital state of the parents, n (%):
|
|
Married
|
79 (94.0%)
|
48 (72.7%)
|
< 0.001*
|
29 (100%)
|
98 (81.0%)
|
0.04*
|
77 (78.6%)
|
50 (96.2%)
|
0.01*
|
|
Divorced
|
5 (6.0%)
|
9 (13.6%)
|
0 (0.0%)
|
14 (11.6%)
|
12 (12.2%)
|
2 (3.8%)
|
|
Widow
|
0 (0.0%)
|
9 (13.6%)
|
0 (0.0%)
|
9 (7.4%)
|
9 (9.2%)
|
0 (0.0%)
|
|
The number of other siblings:
|
|
Median (range)
|
2 (0 – 4)
|
1 (0–4)
|
0.1
|
2 (0 – 4)
|
2 (0–4)
|
0.5
|
2 (0–4)
|
2 (0–3)
|
0.2
|
|
Confirmed positive cases of COVID-19 among family members, n (%):
|
|
Yes
|
39 (46.4%)
|
51 (77.3%)
|
< 0.001*
|
12 (41.4%)
|
78 (64.5%)
|
0.02*
|
63 (64.3%)
|
27 (51.9%)
|
0.1
|
|
No
|
45 (53.6%)
|
15 (22.7%)
|
17 (58.6%)
|
43 (35.5%)
|
35 (35.7%)
|
25 (48.1%)
|
|
Lost family member due to COVID-19, n (%):
|
|
Yes
|
6 (7.1%)
|
12 (18.2%)
|
<0.001*
|
0 (0.0%)
|
18 (14.9%)
|
0.03*
|
12 (12.3%)
|
6 (11.5%)
|
0.6
|
|
No
|
78 (92.9%)
|
54 (81.8%)
|
29 (100%)
|
103 (85.1%)
|
86 (87.8%)
|
46 (88.5%)
|
|
Father’s current working state, n (%):
|
|
Go to work as regular
|
49 (58.3%)
|
48 (72.7%)
|
0.04*
|
15 (51.7%)
|
82 (67.8%)
|
0.3
|
63 (64.3%)
|
34 (65.4%)
|
0.001**
|
|
Online working from home
|
23 (27.4%)
|
9 (13.6%)
|
8 (27.6%)
|
24 (19.8%)
|
17 (17.3%)
|
15 (28.8%)
|
|
Not working because of COVID-19
|
9 (10.7%)
|
9 (13.6%)
|
6 (20.7%)
|
12 (9.9%)
|
18 (18.4%)
|
0 (0.0%)
|
|
Not working since before COVID-19
|
3 (3.6%)
|
0 (0.0%)
|
0 (0.0%)
|
3 (2.5%)
|
0 (0.0%)
|
3 (5.8%)
|
|
Mother’s current working state, n (%):
|
|
Not working because of COVID-19
|
34 (40.5%)
|
27 (40.9%)
|
< 0.001*
|
14 (48.3%)
|
47 (38.8%)
|
< 0.001*
|
35 (35.7%)
|
26 (50.0%)
|
0.2
|
|
Not working since before COVID-19
|
20 (23.8%)
|
21 (31.8%)
|
0 (0.0%)
|
41 (33.9%)
|
27 (27.6%)
|
14 (26.9%)
|
|
Online working from home
|
27 (32.1%)
|
3 (4.5%)
|
15 (51.7%)
|
15 (12.4%)
|
21 (21.4%)
|
9 (17.3%)
|
|
Go to work as regular
|
3 (3.6%)
|
15 (22.7%)
|
0 (0.0%)
|
18 (14.9%)
|
15 (15.3%)
|
3 (5.8%)
|
|
Direct follow-up with a psychiatrist since COVID-19, n (%):
|
|
Yes
|
6 (7.1%)
|
0 (0.0%)
|
0.03*
|
3 (10.3%)
|
3 (2.5%)
|
0.05*
|
6 (6.1%)
|
0 (0.0%)
|
0.07
|
|
No
|
78 (92.9%)
|
66 (100%)
|
26 (89.7%)
|
118 (97.5%)
|
92 (93.9%)
|
52 (100%)
|
|
The compliance of the ADHD children on treatment as compared to before COVID-19:
|
|
Compliant
|
29 (44%)
|
9 (10.7%)
|
0.004*
|
15 (51.7%)
|
26 (21.4%)
|
0.017*
|
59 (60%)
|
18(34.6%)
|
0.06
|
|
Non-compliant
|
37(56%)
|
75 (89.3%)
|
14 (48.3%)
|
95 (78.2%)
|
39 (40%)
|
34 (65.4%)
|
|
The parent’s attitude towards the child’s behavior problems as compared to before COVID-19, n (%):
|
|
Not abusive
|
17 (20.2%)
|
9 (13.6%)
|
< 0.001*
|
3 (10.3%)
|
23 (19.0%)
|
0.09
|
6 (6.1%)
|
20 (38.4%)
|
< 0.001**
|
|
Verbally abusive
|
28 (33.3%)
|
2 (3.0%)
|
3 (10.3%)
|
27 (22.3%)
|
18 (18.4%)
|
12 (23.1%)
|
|
Both verbally and physically abusive
|
39 (46.4%)
|
55 (83.3%)
|
23 (79.4%)
|
71 (55.7%)
|
74 (75.5%)
|
20 (38.5%)
|
