Table 4 Association between the conduct, learning, and psychosomatic score of the ADHD patients during COVID-19 pandemic and their general characteristics

Age of child (years):

 Mean ± SD

9.7 ± 2.6

11.0 ± 3.5

0.02*

10.3 ± 2.2

10.3 ± 3.2

0.9

10.8 ± 3.1

9.2 ± 2.6

0.002*

Sex, n (%):

 Male

52 (61.9%)

63 (95.5%)

< 0.001*

23 (79.3%)

92 (76.0%)

0.7

89 (90.8%)

26 (50.0%)

< 0.001**

 Female

32 (38.1%)

3 (4.5%)

6 (20.7%)

29 (24.0%)

9 (9.2%)

26 (50.0%)

Residence, n (%):

 Urban

78 (92.9%)

57 (86.4%)

0.2

29 (100%)

106 (87.6%)

0.04*

86 (87.8%)

49 (94.2%)

0.2

 Rural

6 (7.1%)

9 (13.6%)

0 (0.0%)

15 (12.4%)

12 (12.2%)

3 (5.8%)

Social class, n (%):

 Low

30 (35.7%)

45 (68.2%)

< 0.001*

14 (48.3%)

61 (50.4%)

0.5

54 (55.1%)

21 (40.4%)

0.6

 Middle

32 (38.1%)

20 (30.3%)

8 (27.6%)

44 (36.4%)

21 (21.4%)

31 (59.6%)

 High

22 (26.2%)

1 (1.5%)

7 (24.1%)

16 (13.2%)

23 (23.5%)

0 (0.0%)

Marital state of the parents, n (%):

 Married

79 (94.0%)

48 (72.7%)

< 0.001*

29 (100%)

98 (81.0%)

0.04*

77 (78.6%)

50 (96.2%)

0.01*

 Divorced

5 (6.0%)

9 (13.6%)

0 (0.0%)

14 (11.6%)

12 (12.2%)

2 (3.8%)

 Widow

0 (0.0%)

9 (13.6%)

0 (0.0%)

9 (7.4%)

9 (9.2%)

0 (0.0%)

The number of other siblings:

 Median (range)

2 (0 – 4)

1 (0–4)

0.1

2 (0 – 4)

2 (0–4)

0.5

2 (0–4)

2 (0–3)

0.2

Confirmed positive cases of COVID-19 among family members, n (%):

 Yes

39 (46.4%)

51 (77.3%)

< 0.001*

12 (41.4%)

78 (64.5%)

0.02*

63 (64.3%)

27 (51.9%)

0.1

 No

45 (53.6%)

15 (22.7%)

17 (58.6%)

43 (35.5%)

35 (35.7%)

25 (48.1%)

Lost family member due to COVID-19, n (%):

 Yes

6 (7.1%)

12 (18.2%)

<0.001*

0 (0.0%)

18 (14.9%)

0.03*

12 (12.3%)

6 (11.5%)

0.6

 No

78 (92.9%)

54 (81.8%)

29 (100%)

103 (85.1%)

86 (87.8%)

46 (88.5%)

Father’s current working state, n (%):

 Go to work as regular

49 (58.3%)

48 (72.7%)

0.04*

15 (51.7%)

82 (67.8%)

0.3

63 (64.3%)

34 (65.4%)

0.001**

 Online working from home

23 (27.4%)

9 (13.6%)

8 (27.6%)

24 (19.8%)

17 (17.3%)

15 (28.8%)

 Not working because of COVID-19

9 (10.7%)

9 (13.6%)

6 (20.7%)

12 (9.9%)

18 (18.4%)

0 (0.0%)

 Not working since before COVID-19

3 (3.6%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

3 (2.5%)

0 (0.0%)

3 (5.8%)

Mother’s current working state, n (%):

 Not working because of COVID-19

34 (40.5%)

27 (40.9%)

< 0.001*

14 (48.3%)

47 (38.8%)

< 0.001*

35 (35.7%)

26 (50.0%)

0.2

 Not working since before COVID-19

20 (23.8%)

21 (31.8%)

0 (0.0%)

41 (33.9%)

27 (27.6%)

14 (26.9%)

 Online working from home

27 (32.1%)

3 (4.5%)

15 (51.7%)

15 (12.4%)

21 (21.4%)

9 (17.3%)

 Go to work as regular

3 (3.6%)

15 (22.7%)

0 (0.0%)

18 (14.9%)

15 (15.3%)

3 (5.8%)

Direct follow-up with a psychiatrist since COVID-19, n (%):

 Yes

6 (7.1%)

0 (0.0%)

0.03*

3 (10.3%)

3 (2.5%)

0.05*

6 (6.1%)

0 (0.0%)

0.07

 No

78 (92.9%)

66 (100%)

26 (89.7%)

118 (97.5%)

92 (93.9%)

52 (100%)

The compliance of the ADHD children on treatment as compared to before COVID-19:

 Compliant

29 (44%)

9 (10.7%)

0.004*

15 (51.7%)

26 (21.4%)

0.017*

59 (60%)

18(34.6%)

0.06

 Non-compliant

37(56%)

75 (89.3%)

14 (48.3%)

95 (78.2%)

39 (40%)

34 (65.4%)

The parent’s attitude towards the child’s behavior problems as compared to before COVID-19, n (%):

 Not abusive

17 (20.2%)

9 (13.6%)

< 0.001*

3 (10.3%)

23 (19.0%)

0.09

6 (6.1%)

20 (38.4%)

< 0.001**

 Verbally abusive

28 (33.3%)

2 (3.0%)

3 (10.3%)

27 (22.3%)

18 (18.4%)

12 (23.1%)

 Both verbally and physically abusive

39 (46.4%)

55 (83.3%)

23 (79.4%)

71 (55.7%)

74 (75.5%)

20 (38.5%)