Table 1 General characteristics of the study participants

Age of child (years): Mean ± SD

10.3 ± 3.1

8.07

0.707 ns

Sex, n (%):

 Male

115 (76.7%)

13.89

< 0.001**

 Female

35 (23.3%)

Residence, n (%):

 Urban

135 (90.0%)

63.04

< 0.001**

 Rural

15 (10%)

Social class, n (%):

 Low

75 (50.0%)

60.20

< 0.001**

 Middle

52 (34.7%)

 High

23 (15.3%)

Marital state of the parents, n (%):

 Married

127 (84.7%)

96.24

< 0.001**

 Divorced

14 (9.3%)

 Widow

9 (6.0%)

The number of other siblings, n (%):

 Median (range)

2 (1–4)

20.47

< 0.001**

Confirmed positive cases of COVID-19 among family members, n (%):

 Yes

90 (60.0%)

8.49

< 0.001**

 No

60 (40.0%)

Lost family member due to COVID-19, n (%):

 Yes

18 (12.0%)

72.98

< 0.001**

 No

132 (88.0%)

Father’s current working state, n (%):

 Go to work as regular

97 (64.7%)

79.51

< 0.001**

 Online working from home

32 (21.3%)

 Not working because of COVID-19

18 (12.0%)

 Not working since before COVID-19

3 (2.0%)

Mother’s current working state, n (%):

 Not working because of COVID-19

61 (40.7%)

20.69

< 0.001**

 Not working since before COVID-19

41 (27.3%)

 Online working from home

30 (20.0%)

 Go to work as regular

18 (12.0%)

Direct behavioral therapy’s center support since COVID-19, n (%):

 Yes

0 (0.0%)

–

> 0.05 ns

 No

150 (100%)

Direct follow-up with a psychiatrist since COVID-19, n (%):

 Yes

6 (4.0%)

56.82

< 0.001**

 No

144 (96.0%)

The compliance of the ADHD children on treatment as compared to before COVID-19:

 Compliant

39 (25.9%)

4.26

0.039*

 Non-compliant

111 (74.1%)

The parent’s managements of the child’s behavior problems as compared to before COVID-19, n (%):

 Not abusive

26 (17.3%)

35.16

< 0.001**

 Verbally abusive

30 (20.0%)

 Both verbally and physically abusive

94 (62.7%)