Table 4 Relations between morale level and socio-demographic characteristics of studied elderly (n = 235)
From: Relationship between morality, happiness, and social support among elderly people
Variables | Elderly moral level | No | χ 2 | P | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
High N = 31 | Moderate N = 110 | Low N = 94 | |||||||
No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | ||||
Age (in years) | |||||||||
<65 | 13 | 11.7 | 62 | 55.9 | 36 | 32.4 | 111 | 7.04 | 0.03 |
≥65 | 18 | 14.5 | 48 | 38.7 | 58 | 46.8 | 124 | ||
Gender | |||||||||
Male | 16 | 16.0 | 44 | 44.0 | 40 | 40.0 | 100 | 1.3 | 0.51 |
Female | 15 | 11.1 | 66 | 48.9 | 54 | 40.0 | 135 | ||
Residence | |||||||||
Rural | 11 | 25.6 | 14 | 32.6 | 18 | 41.9 | 43 | 8.4 | 0.015 |
Urban | 20 | 10.4 | 96 | 50.0 | 76 | 39.6 | 192 | ||
Marital status | |||||||||
Single | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 50.0 | 2 | 50.0 | 4 | 2.8 | 0.83 |
Married | 20 | 15.0 | 63 | 47.4 | 50 | 37.6 | 133 | ||
Divorced | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 42.9 | 4 | 57.1 | 7 | ||
Widowed | 11 | 12.1 | 42 | 46.2 | 38 | 41.8 | 91 | ||
Education | |||||||||
Illiterate/read and write | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 37.5 | 5 | 62.5 | 8 | ||
Primary education | 2 | 12.5 | 9 | 56.3 | 5 | 31.3 | 16 | 9.4 | 0.15 |
Secondary | 13 | 16.3 | 44 | 55.0 | 23 | 28.7 | 80 | ||
University or higher | 16 | 12.2 | 54 | 41.2 | 61 | 46.6 | 131 | ||
Working condition | |||||||||
Work | 13 | 21.3 | 28 | 45.9 | 20 | 32.8 | 61 | 5.4 | 0.074 |
Do not work | 18 | 10.3 | 82 | 47.1 | 74 | 42.5 | 174 | ||
Previous work | |||||||||
Worker | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 6 | 100.0 | 6 | ||
Crafts man or farmer | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 60.0 | 2 | 40.0 | 5 | 12.6 | 0.12 |
Free business | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 66.7 | 1 | 33.3 | 3 | ||
Officer | 28 | 14.9 | 86 | 45.7 | 74 | 39.4 | 188 | ||
Housewife | 3 | 9.1 | 19 | 57.6 | 11 | 33.3 | 33 | ||
With whom live | |||||||||
Wife/husband | 20 | 15.3 | 61 | 46.6 | 50 | 38.2 | 131 | ||
One of the sons | 5 | 11.4 | 21 | 47.7 | 18 | 40.9 | 44 | 2.5 | 0.86 |
One of the relatives | 0 | 0.0 | 4 | 66.7 | 2 | 33.3 | 6 | ||
Alone | 6 | 11.1 | 24 | 44.4 | 24 | 44.4 | 54 | ||
Income source | |||||||||
Pension | 30 | 13.2 | 105 | 46.1 | 93 | 40.8 | 228 | 2.1 | 0.34 |
Property income | 1 | 14.3 | 5 | 71.4 | 1 | 14.3 | 7 | ||
Income | |||||||||
Insufficient | 3 | 3.8 | 31 | 39.7 | 44 | 56.4 | 78 | 20.2 | 0.0001 |
Sufficient | 22 | 16.1 | 69 | 50.4 | 46 | 33.6 | 137 | ||
Sufficient and save | 6 | 30.0 | 10 | 50.0 | 4 | 20.0 | 20 | ||
Chronic diseases | |||||||||
Yes | 14 | 7.6 | 91 | 49.2 | 80 | 43.2 | 185 | 24.2 | 0.0001 |
No | 17 | 34.0 | 19 | 38.0 | 14 | 28.0 | 50 | ||
Medication taken | |||||||||
Yes | 14 | 7.6 | 91 | 49.2 | 80 | 43.2 | 185 | 24.2 | 0.0001 |
No | 17 | 34.0 | 19 | 38.0 | 14 | 28.0 | 50 | ||