Prevalence and determinants of depression in patients with epilepsy during the COVID-19 pandemic

Middle East Current Psychiatry

Table 4 The relationship between depression and COVID-19 among the studied group

Variable		N	None (n = 86)		Mild to moderate (n = 61)		Moderately severe to severe (n = 143)		χ²	P
Variable		N	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%	χ²	P
Fear of infection by COVID-19	No	136	51	37.5	24	17.6	61	44.9	7.74	0.02*
Fear of infection by COVID-19	Yes	154	35	22.7	37	24	82	53.2	7.74	0.02*
Fear of death by COVID-19	No	125	46	36.8	20	16	59	47.2	6.63	0.04*
Fear of death by COVID-19	Yes	165	40	24.2	41	24.8	84	50.9	6.63	0.04*
Closed people infection	No	135	50	37	20	14.8	65	48.1	9.36	0.009*
Closed people infection	Yes	155	36	23.2	41	26.5	78	50.3	9.36	0.009*
Closed people death	No	272	81	29.8	61	22.4	130	47.8	6.1	0.04*
Closed people death	Yes	18	5	27.8	0	0	13	72.2	6.1	0.04*
Fear of job loss in the pandemic	No	203	55	27.1	40	19.7	108	53.2	4.15	0.13 NS
Fear of job loss in the pandemic	Yes	87	31	35.6	21	24.1	35	40.2	4.15	0.13 NS
Job changes by the pandemic	No	205	54	26.3	41	20	110	53.7	5.63	0.06 NS
Job changes by the pandemic	Yes	85	32	37.6	20	23.5	33	38.8	5.63	0.06 NS
Financial changes in the pandemic	No	62	36	58.1	6	9.7	20	32.3	30.95	< 0.001**
Financial changes in the pandemic	Yes	228	50	21.9	55	24.1	123	53.9	30.95	< 0.001**
Sleep disturbance during the pandemic	No	213	77	36.2	48	22.5	88	41.3	22.67	< 0.001**
Sleep disturbance during the pandemic	Yes	77	9	11.7	13	16.9	55	71.4	22.67	< 0.001**
Follow news about the pandemic	Not follow	54	25	46.3	17	31.5	12	22.2	27.95	< 0.001**
	Low	73	22	30.1	8	11	43	58.9
	Moderate	89	27	30.3	20	22.5	42	47.2
	Continuous	74	12	16.2	16	21.6	46	62.2

χ² chi-square test, NS nonsignificant (P > 0.05); *significant (P < 0.05), **highly significant (P < 0.001)