Table 4 Determinants of depression, anxiety and stress among the healthcare professionals (N=283)
Variables | Depression | Anxiety | Stress | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present (n=49) N (%) | Absent (n=234) N (%) | p value | Present (n=90) N (%) | Absent (n=193) N (%) | p value | Present (n=49) N (%) | Absent (n=234) N (%) | p value | |
Type of healthcare professional | |||||||||
 Doctor | 26 (7.7) | 175 92.3) | 0.002 | 47 (23.4) | 154 (76.6) | <0.000 | 29 (14.4) | 172 (85.6) | 0.04 |
 Nurses | 23 28.0) | 59 (72.0) | 43 (52.4) | 39 (47.6) | 20 (24.4) | 62 (75.6) | |||
Primary work in the Emergency (ER/UC) or Intensive Care Unit | |||||||||
 Yes | 16 (23.2) | 53 (76.8) | 0.14 | 25 (36.2) | 44 (63.8) | 0.36 | 17 (24.6) | 52 (75.4) | 0.06 |
 No | 33 (15.4) | 181 (84.6 | 65 (30.4) | 149 (69.6) | 32 (14.9) | 182 (85.1) | |||
Having experience of working during any of the previous epidemics or pandemics | |||||||||
 Yes | 19 (21.8) | 68 (78.2) | 0.18 | 38 (43.7) | 49 (56.3) | 0.004 | 15 (17.2) | 72 (82.8) | 0.98 |
 No | 30 (15.3) | 166 (84.7) | 52 (26.5) | 144 (72.4) | 34 (17.3) | 162 (82.7) | |||
Tested positive for COVID-19 | |||||||||
 Yes | 6 (18.8) | 26 (81.2) | 0.82 | 14 (43.7) | 18 (56.3) | 0.12 | 8 (33.3) | 24 (66.7) | 0.22 |
 No | 43 (17.1) | 208 (82.9) | 76 (30.3) | 175 (69.7) | 41 (16.3) | 210 (83.7) | |||
Perception of COVID-19 as a disease | |||||||||
 Mild/benign infection | 14 (20.3) | 55 (79.7) | 0.45 | 22 (31.9) | 47 (68.1) | 0.98 | 11 (15.9) | 58 (84.1) | 0.43 |
 Moderate/severe disease | 35 (16.3) | 179 (83.7) | 68 (31.8) | 146 (68.2 | 38 (17.7) | 176 (82.3) | |||
Received specific training for COVID-19 | |||||||||
 Yes | 31 (19.5) | 128 (81.5) | 0.27 | 49 (30.8) | 110 (69.2) | 0.68 | 28 (17.6) | 131 (82.4) | 0.71 |
 No | 18 (14.5) | 106 (85.5) | 41 (33.1) | 83 (66.9) | 21 (16.9) | 103 (83.1) | |||
Received appropriate guidelines on updated procedures related to personal safety to follow at work | |||||||||
 Yes | 37 (16.3) | 190 (83.7) | 0.36 | 68 (29.9) | 159 (70.1) | 0.17 | 37 (16.3) | 190 (83.7) | 0.36 |
 No | 12 (21.4) | 44 (78.6) | 22 (39.3) | 34 (61.7) | 12 (83.7) | 44 (78.6) | |||
Institution provided adequate PPE | |||||||||
 Yes | 33 (16.4) | 168 (83.6) | 0.53 | 59 (29.3) | 142 (70.7) | 0.16 | 33 (16.4) | 168 (83.6) | 0.53 |
 No | 16 (19.5) | 66 (81.5) | 31 (37.8) | 51 (62.2) | 16 (19.5) | 66 (81.5) | |||
Institution made psychological or mental health support available | |||||||||
 Yes | 10 (8.4) | 109 (91.6) | 0.0007 | 23 (19.3) | 96 (80.7) | 0.0001 | 9 (7.6) | 110 (92.4) | 0.0002 |
 No | 39 (23.8) | 125 (76.2) | 67 (40.8) | 97 (59.2) | 40 (24.4) | 124 (75.6) | |||
Feeling that you are being pushed beyond your training | |||||||||
 Yes | 26 (22.2) | 91 (77.8) | 0.06 | 53 (45.3) | 64 (64.7) | 0.00004 | 22 (18.8) | 95 (81.2) | 0.57 |
 No | 23 (13.8) | 143 (86.2) | 37 (22.3) | 129 (77.7) | 27 (16.2) | 139 (83.8) | |||
Redirected to activities related to COVID-19 | |||||||||
 Yes | 22 (15.2) | 122 (84.8) | 0.36 | 42 (29.2) | 102 (70.8) | 0.23 | 23 (15.9) | 121 (84.1) | 0.54 |
 No | 27 (19.4) | 112 (80.6) | 48 (34.5) | 91 (65.5) | 26 (18.7) | 113 (81.3) | |||
Engaged in COVID-19 activities for | |||||||||
 ≤30 days | 8 (11.9) | 59 (88.1) | 0.18 | 19 (28.4) | 48 (61.6) | 0.51 | 10 (14.9) | 57 (85.1) | 0.55 |
 >30 days | 41 (19.2) | 175 (81.8) | 71 (32.9) | 145 (67.1) | 39 (18.1) | 177 (81.9) | |||
Quality of life impacted due to COVID-19 | |||||||||
 Yes | 44 (21.2) | 163 (78.8) | 0.003 | 72 (34.8) | 135 (65.2) | 0.07 | 45 (21.7) | 162 (78.3) | 0.001 |
 No/remained same | 5 (6.6) | 71 (93.4) | 18 (23.7) | 58 (76.3) | 4 (5.3) | 72 (94.7) | |||
Ability to perform household activities affected due to COVID-19 | |||||||||
 Yes | 44 (18.8) | 190 (81.2) | 0.15 | 80 (34.2) | 154 (65.8) | 0.06 | 45 (19.2) | 189 (80.8) | 0.06 |
 No | 5 (10.2) | 44 (89.8) | 10 (20.4) | 39 (79.6) | 4 (8.2) | 45 (91.8) | |||