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Table 3 Association between depression and other characteristics in mothers of ADHD children

From: The negative psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a cross-section study

Variables

Depression

P

Yes (n = 29)

No (n = 25)

Age of child (years)

   

 Mean ± SD

10.3 ± 3.3

9.8 ± 2.6

0.5

Sex of child, n (%)

   

 Male

26 (89.7%)

12 (48.0%)

< 0.001*

 Female

3 (10.3%)

13 (52.0%)

 

Residence, n (%)

   

 Urban

27 (93.1%)

21 (84.0%)

0.3

 Rural

2 (6.9%)

4 (16.0%)

 

Social class, n (%)

   

 Low

20 (69.0%)

4 (16.0%)

< 0.001*

 Middle

6 (20.7%)

12 (48.0%)

 

 High

3 (10.3%)

9 (36.0%)

 

Marital status, n (%)

   

 Married

21 (72.4%)

25 (100%)

0.005*

 Divorced and widow

8 (27.6%)

0 (0.0%)

 

The number of other siblings, n (%)

   

 Median (range)

3 (2-4)

2 (1-4)

0.003*

Presence of confirmed COVID-19 cases among family members, n (%)

   

 Yes

8 (27.6%)

8 (32.0%)

0.7

 No

21 (72.4%)

17 (68.0%)

 

Lost family member due to COVID-19, n (%)

   

 Yes

6 (20.7%)

0 (0.0%)

0.03*

 No

23 (79.3%)

25 (100%)

 

Father’s working status, n (%)

   

 Go to work as usual

3 (10.3%)

24 (96.0%)

< 0.001*

 Work from home

12 (41.4%)

1 (4.0%)

 

 Not working since before COVID-19 or as a result of COVID-19

14 (48.3%)

0 (0.0%)

 

Mother’s working status, n (%)

   

 Lost work as a result of COVID-19

10 (34.5%)

12 (48.0%)

0.3

 Not working since before COVID-19

7 (24.1%)

7 (28.0%)

 

 Work from home

6 (20.7%)

5 (20.0%)

 

 Go to work as usual

6 (20.7%)

1 (4.0%)

 

Financial drawbacks of COVID-19 outbreak, n (%)

   

 No drawbacks

2 (6.9%)

14 (56.0%)

< 0.001*

 Little drawbacks

11 (37.9%)

10 (40.0%)

 

 Big drawbacks

16 (55.2%)

1 (4.0%)

 

Domestic violence toward the mother as compared to before COVID-19, n (%)

   

 Present

25 (86.2%)

0 (0.0%)

< 0.001*

 Absent

4 (13.8%)

25 (100%)

 

Mother’s assessment of the period of change and restrictions as compared to before COVID-19, n (%)

   

 Very demanding

29 (100%)

15 (60.0%)

0.007*

 Demanding

0 (0.0%)

9 (36.0%)

 

 Not demanding

0 (0.0%)

1 (4.0%)

 

The compliance of the ADHD children on treatment as compared to before COVID-19, n (%)

   

 Compliant

3 (10.34%)

11 (44%)

0.004*

 Non-compliant

26 (89.66%)

14 (56%)

 

Bigger challenges in the management of the child’s meals as compared to before COVID-19

   

 Yes

20 (68.9%)

10 (40%)

0.032*

 No

9 (31.1%)

15 (60%)

 

Bigger challenges in the management of the child’s structured activities as compared to before COVID-19

   

 Yes

21 (72.4%)

12 (48%)

0.066

 No

8 (27.6%)

13 (52%)

 

Bigger challenges in the management of the child’s sleep as compared to before COVID-19

   

 Yes

19 (65.5%)

11 (44%)

0.112

 No

10 (34.5%)

14 (56%)

 
  1. Tests of significance: Student’s t test, Pearson’s Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test
  2. *Statistically significant (p value < 0.05)