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Table 4 Mean scores and standard deviation of depression, anxiety, and its subscales during the COVID-19 outbreak in total cohort and subgroups

From: The hidden crisis: COVID-19 and impact on mental health of medical students in Pakistan

 

Gender

 

Phase of study

 

Past H/O psychiatric illness

 
  

Mean (SD)

 

Mean (SD)

 

Mean (SD)

 

Scale

Total score

Mean (SD)

Men

Women

P value

Preclinical

Clinical

 

Yes

No

P value

PHQ-9, depression symptoms

10.46 (7.3)

8.78 (7.22)

11.2 (7.26)

0.005*

11.21 (7.50)

9.95 (7.18)

0.005*

13.43 (7.17)

9.35 (7.09)

0.000**

GAD-7, anxiety symptoms

8.52 (6.2)

7.00 (6.38)

9.22 (6.11)

0.034*

9.01 (6.51)

8.19 (6.09)

0.034*

11.83 (5.75)

7.29 (6.01)

0.000**

Suicidal risk (RASS total score)

(Max score 1015)

396.20 (310.36)

326.25 (301.01)

428.02 (309.52)

0.000**

391.47 (306.25)

399.11 (313.47)

0.689

522.91 (315.87)

348.90 (294.82)

0.000**

Intention scale

(Max score 500)

129.45 (171.29)

101.88 (158.48)

141.94 (175.49)

0.000**

133.44 (174.71)

126.77 (169.13)

0.526

184.92 (187.26)

108.74 (160.21)

0.000**

Life scale

(Max score 390)

188.21 (111.60)

157.82 (112.76)

202 (108.35)

0.000**

183.25 (110.82)

191.36 (112.01)

0.237

235.23 (104.29)

170.66 (109.19)

0.000**

History scale

(Max score 300)

78.54 (81.98)

66.56 (81.58)

83.99 (81.68)

0.000**

74.78 (77.95)

80.98 (84.59)

0.218

102.76 (86.88)

69.49 (78.23)

0.000**

  1. Abbreviations: PHQ-9 The 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, GAD-7 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder, RASS Risk Assessment Suicidality Scale, SD standard deviation 
  2. *P value statistically significant <.05
  3. **P value statistically significant <.001