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Table 7 Characteristics of the subjects according to perceived stress level, n=547

From: Caffeine consumption, intoxication, and stress among female university students: a cross-sectional study

Item

Mean ± SD

P value

Age (year)

20.29 ± 1.91

0.105

College

 

0.135

 Health

21.39±6.72

 

 Non-health

20.57±5.94

 

Nationality

 

0.100

 Saudi

20.93±6.36

 

 Non-Saudi

24.44±4.71

 

Marital statusa

 

0.785

 Single

21.00±6.36

 

 Married

20.55±6.17

 

 Separated

23.00±6.21

 

Kids

 

0.755

 Have kids

20.33±5.31

 

 Does not have kids

21.00±6.37

 

Incomea

 

0.008

 Enough

20.99±5.75

 

 Enough with saving

20.16±6.69

 

 Not enough

23.24±7.90

 

 In debt

24.11±6.95

 

Academic level

 

0.460

 Junior

20.83±6.26

 

 Senior

21.24±6.51

 

GPAa

 

0.329

 5-4.50

20.48±6.25

 

 4.49-4

21.15.6.41

 

 3.99-3.50

21.86±6.27

 

Less than 3.49

21.50±6.05

 

Academic satisfactiona

 

<0.001

 Very satisfied

19.33±6.17

 

 Satisfied

20.23±5.95

 

 Not satisfied

22.43±6.20

 

 Very unsatisfied

25.86±6.57

 

Chronic diseasesa

 

0.008

 Diagnosed

23.69±6.17

 

 Not diagnosed

20.80±6.33

 

Psychiatric disordersa

 

<0.001

 Diagnosed

25.20±6.31

 

 Not diagnosed

20.52±6.20

 

Psychiatric helpa

 

0.618

 Received help

24.79±7.39

 

 Did not receive

25.69±4.98

 

Smokinga

 

0.002

 Smoker

24.36±7.44

 

 Non-smoker

20.79±0.02

 

Caffeine intakea

 

0.045

 Low (<250 g)

20.27±6.31

 

 High (>250 g)

21.40±6.38

 

Caffeine intoxicationa

 

<0.001

 Intoxication symptoms

24.12±5.92

 

 No intoxication symptoms

20.51±6.28

 
  1. Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (%)
  2. aMissing data: 1: marital status, chronic disease, and psychiatric disorder. 2: academic satisfaction. 3: income and psychiatric help. 6: smoking. 10: GPA. 19: caffeine intake