Table 4 Association between HADS–Depression and demographic and clinical characteristics of the studied patients

 ˂ 40 years old (n = 44)

13

29.5

11

25.0

20

45.5

0.1

 ≥ 40 years old (n = 45)

6

13.3

14

31.1

25

55.6

 Male (n = 61)

18

29.5

14

23.0

29

47.5

0.01**

 Female (n = 28)

1

3.6

11

39.3

16

57.1

 Married (n = 59)

17

28.8

15

25.4

27

45.8

0.06

 Single/divorced/widow (n = 30)

2

6.7

10

33.3

18

60.0

 Primary, preparatory, and secondary education (n = 17)

4

23.5

2

11.8

11

64.7

0.2

 High- and post-graduate education (n = 72)

15

20.8

23

31.9

34

47.2

 Medical (n = 35)

14

40.0

7

20.0

14

40.0

<0.001**

 Non-medical (n = 54)

5

9.3

18

33.3

31

60.9

 Urban (n = 45)

13

28.9

11

24.4

21

46.7

0.2

 Rural (n = 44)

6

13.6

14

31.8

24

54.5

Chronic disease (n = 35)

12

34.2

8

22.9

15

42.9

0.6

Smoking (n = 27)

9

33.3

7

25.9

11

40.7

0.1

History of psychiatric disorder (n = 16)

5

31.3

5

31.3

6

37.4

0.4

Family history of psychiatric disorder (n = 27)

8

29.6

1

3.7

18

66.7

0.003**