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Table 3 Relation between other comorbidities and executive function among the studied children

From: A comparative study of executive functions among children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder and those with learning disabilities

 

Comorbidity

χ2

P

 

No comorbidity (n = 203)

Nocturnal enuresis and delayed language (n = 37)

Mood or anxiety comorbidity (n = 37)

Disruptive behavior comorbidity (n = 45)

Epilepsy (n = 18)

 

No.

%

No.

%

No.

%

No.

%

No.

%

Time management EF

 No

124

61.1

7

18.9

8

21.6

11

24.4

12

66.7

49.303*

< 0.001*

 Yes

79

38.9

30

81.1

29

78.4

34

75.6

6

33.3

  p1

 

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

0.641

  

Problem solving and self-organization EF

 No

142

70.0

17

45.9

14

37.8

15

33.3

0

0.0

54.552*

< 0.001*

 Yes

61

30.0

20

54.1

23

62.2

30

66.7

18

100.0

  p1

 

0.005*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

  

Self-restraint executive function

 No

146

71.9

13

35.1

12

32.4

6

13.3

4

22.2

75.506*

< 0.001*

 Yes

57

28.1

24

64.9

25

67.6

39

86.7

14

77.8

  p1

 

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

  

Self-motivation EF

 No

146

71.9

9

24.3

13

35.1

15

33.3

5

27.8

57.434*

< 0.001*

 Yes

57

28.1

28

75.7

24

64.9

30

66.7

13

72.2

  p1

 

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

  

Emotional regulation EF

 No

168

82.8

8

21.6

3

8.1

1

2.2

2

11.1

176.191*

< 0.001*

 Yes

35

17.2

29

78.4

34

91.9

44

97.8

16

88.9

  p1

 

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

  
  1. *Statistically significant