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Table 1 Comparison between the different studied groups according to different executive functions domains

From: A comparative study of executive functions among children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder and those with learning disabilities

 

Group I (n = 100)

Group II (n = 80)

Group III (n = 60)

Group IV (n = 100)

χ2

p

 

No.

%

No.

%

No.

%

No.

%

Time management EF

 No

43

43.0

15

18.8

6

10.0

98

98.0

163.379*

< 0.001*

 Yes

57

57.0

65

81.3

54

90.0

2

2.0

  p1

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

    

 Sig. bet. grps.

p2 = 0.001*, p3 < 0.001*, p4 = 0.151

    

Problem solving and self-organization EF

 No

59

59.0

15

18.8

15

25.0

99

99.0

143.325*

< 0.001*

 Yes

41

41.0

65

81.3

45

75.0

1

1.0

  p1

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

    

 Sig. bet. grps.

p2 < 0.001*, p3 < 0.001*, p4 = 0.372

    

Self-restraint executive function

 No

7

7.0

59

73.8

16

26.7

99

99.0

200.533*

< 0.001*

 Yes

93

93.0

21

26.3

44

73.3

1

1.0

  p1

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

    

 Sig. bet. grps.

p2 < 0.001*, p3 = 0.001*, p4 < 0.001*

    

Self-motivation EF

 No

40

40.0

34

42.5

16

26.7

98

98.0

108.431*

< 0.001*

 Yes

60

60.0

46

57.5

44

73.3

2

2.0

  p1

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

    

 Sig. bet. grps.

p2 = 0.735, p3 = 0.087, p4 = 0.053

    

Emotional regulation EF

 No

27

27.0

43

53.8

16

26.7

96

96.0

118.212*

< 0.001*

 Yes

73

73.0

37

46.3

44

73.3

4

4.0

  p1

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

    

 Sig. bet. grps.

p2 < 0.001*, p3 = 0.963, p4 = 0.001*

    
  1. *Statistically significant