Group I (n = 100) | Group II (n = 80) | Group III (n = 60) | Group IV (n = 100) | χ2 | p | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |||
Time management EF | ||||||||||
No | 43 | 43.0 | 15 | 18.8 | 6 | 10.0 | 98 | 98.0 | 163.379* | < 0.001* |
Yes | 57 | 57.0 | 65 | 81.3 | 54 | 90.0 | 2 | 2.0 | ||
p1 | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | |||||||
Sig. bet. grps. | p2 = 0.001*, p3 < 0.001*, p4 = 0.151 | |||||||||
Problem solving and self-organization EF | ||||||||||
No | 59 | 59.0 | 15 | 18.8 | 15 | 25.0 | 99 | 99.0 | 143.325* | < 0.001* |
Yes | 41 | 41.0 | 65 | 81.3 | 45 | 75.0 | 1 | 1.0 | ||
p1 | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | |||||||
Sig. bet. grps. | p2 < 0.001*, p3 < 0.001*, p4 = 0.372 | |||||||||
Self-restraint executive function | ||||||||||
No | 7 | 7.0 | 59 | 73.8 | 16 | 26.7 | 99 | 99.0 | 200.533* | < 0.001* |
Yes | 93 | 93.0 | 21 | 26.3 | 44 | 73.3 | 1 | 1.0 | ||
p1 | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | |||||||
Sig. bet. grps. | p2 < 0.001*, p3 = 0.001*, p4 < 0.001* | |||||||||
Self-motivation EF | ||||||||||
No | 40 | 40.0 | 34 | 42.5 | 16 | 26.7 | 98 | 98.0 | 108.431* | < 0.001* |
Yes | 60 | 60.0 | 46 | 57.5 | 44 | 73.3 | 2 | 2.0 | ||
p1 | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | |||||||
Sig. bet. grps. | p2 = 0.735, p3 = 0.087, p4 = 0.053 | |||||||||
Emotional regulation EF | ||||||||||
No | 27 | 27.0 | 43 | 53.8 | 16 | 26.7 | 96 | 96.0 | 118.212* | < 0.001* |
Yes | 73 | 73.0 | 37 | 46.3 | 44 | 73.3 | 4 | 4.0 | ||
p1 | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | |||||||
Sig. bet. grps. | p2 < 0.001*, p3 = 0.963, p4 = 0.001* |