Table 5 Prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia
Study no. | Mental/neurocognitive condition studied | Data collection settings | Prevalence rate | Diagnostic test (*, Arabic version; ^, shorter version; !, longer version; [ ], cut-off point; ", translated to Arabic) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Cognitive impairment | Residential homes | 38.30% | MMSE*; MoCA* [< 26] bonus point given for less than 12 years education |
4 | Cognitive impairment | Community clubs | 34.2 and 44.3% in healthy men and women, respectively | MOCA*, similar to English version, ≤ 26 with no functional impairment = MCI; ≤ 26 with functional impairment = early dementia, bonus point given for less than 12 years education |
6 | Cognitive impairment Depression | Inpatient | Cognitive impairment = 30% Depression = 72% | MMSE [≤ 23] GDS [≥ 6] |
7 | Dementia (then further classified as AD*, MID*, MD*, and Sec D*) | Household community survey | Dementia = 4.5% (AD 2.2%, MID 0.95%, MD 0.55%, SeD 0.45%) | MMSE of 28 points [≤ 21] and other diagnostic tools for further classification of dementia (see article) |
8 | Cognitive impairment Dementia* (then further classified as AD*, VaD*, PDD*, and Mixed*) | Household community survey | Cognitive impairment = 1.74% Dementia = 5.07% (AD 1.74%, VaD 1.3%, PDD 1.01%, MD 0.58%) | MMSE of 28 points [23 educated individuals and 21 illiterate) - MES- Memory and Executive Screening test [> 75 normal; 62–75 MCI; < 62 dementia suspects] and other diagnostic tools for further classification of dementia (see article) |
9 | Dementia (then further classified as AD*, MD*, VaD*, others, and undet*) | Outpatient | Dementia = 3.66% (AD 1.4%, VaD 1.05%, MD 0.5%, Others 0.44%, Undetermined 0.22%) | Standardized MMSE of 30 points (23 educated individuals and 21 illiterate) and other diagnostic tools for further classification of dementia (see article) |
11 | Cognitive impairment Dementia | Unclear | Cognitive impairment, 34% Mild dementia, 23.3% Moderate dementia, 8.5% Severe dementia, 7.4 | MMSE of 30 points [0–10, severe; 11–20, moderate; 21–25, early dementia; 29–30, MCI] |
13 | Cognitive impairment | Community??? Unclear | Cognitive impairment = 32% | MMSE* (unspecified but stated that individuals below 24 were excluded) MOCA*[< 26] Bonus point given for less than 12 years education |
14 | Cognitive impairment Dementia | Community clubs | Cognitive impairment = 51.4% Dementia = 5.6% | MMSE of 30 points SLUMS*, score depends on level of education For high education (normal = 27–30; mild neurocognitive disorder = 21–26; dementia = 1–20) For less high school education (normal = 25–30; mild neurocognitive disorder = 20–24, dementia = 1–19) |
15 | Cognitive impairment Depression Anxiety | Inpatient | Cognitive impairment = 26% Depression = 64% Anxiety = 72% Anxiety traits = 35% | MMSE*[CI = ≤ 24] GDS* STAI* |