Table 4 Comparison between adolescents with conduct disorder, with and without ADHD, and control adolescents regarding subcortical volumes (cm³)

Right putamen

6.406

0.806

5.797

0.828

6.021

0.427

2.99

0.06

Right pallidum

1.805

0.259

2.032

0.429

2.073

0.364

3.05

0.06

Right hippocampus

4.412^a

0.451

3.663^b

0.482

3.369^b

0.631

18.43

≤ 0.001

Right amygdala

1.752^a

0.278

1.419^b

0.235

1.360^b

0.471

6.76

0.003

Right accumbens nucleus

0.760^a

0.149

0.572^b

0.078

0.674^{a, b}

0.053

11.63

≤ 0.001

Right cerebellar white matter

15.331^a

2.602

12.658^b

1.221

12.528^b

0.810

12.3

0.0001

Right cerebellar grey matter

59.068^a

6.307

51.189^b

6.299

49.727^b

7.366

9.9

0.0003

Left putamen

6.513^a

0.888

5.777^b

0.830

6.230^{a, b}

0.308

3.84

0.03

Left pallidum

1.951

0.365

1.810

0.319

1.971

0.271

1.00

0.4

Left hippocampus

4.410^a

0.620

3.893^b

0.429

3.287^c

0.527

17.46

≤ 0.001

Left amygdala

1.717^a

0.270

1.266^b

0.150

1.162^b

0.144

34.31

≤ 0.001

Left accumbens nucleus

6.406^a

0.806

5.797^b

0.828

6.021^a

0.427

6.50

0.003

Left cerebellar white matter

14.784^a

2.388

12.587^b

0.992

13.076^b

1.400

6.8

0.003

Left cerebellar grey matter

58.266^a

6.604

50.250^b

5.710

49.582^b

6.680

9.9

≤ 0.001