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Table 3 The risk of below-average intelligence in relation to exposure to multiple adversities

From: Behavior rating and intelligence testing in primary school children exposed to multiple adverse experiences

Exposed groups

Children with below-average IQ

Children with average IQ

OR (95% CI)

Z

P value

Full-scale IQ

 Highly exposed (56)

24

32

1.54 (0.7–3.34)

1.098

0.272

 Less exposed (55)

18

37

Verbal IQ

 Highly exposed (56)

12

44

1.39 (0.53–3.63)

0.682

0.490

 Less exposed (55)

9

46

Performance IQ

 Highly exposed (56)

42

14

2.50 (1.12–5.59)

2.232

0.03*

 Less exposed (55)

30

25

  1. *Significant at P < 0.05; IQ score is considered average if it ranged 90–110 and below average if it ranged 70–89