Table 1 Main characteristics of the included studies
Author | Year | Country | Objective | Telecommunication method | Participants | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adam et al. [16] | 2022 | Germany | Evaluation of an online treatment management program using videoconferencing to treat OCD. | Videoconference | Children and adolescents with OCD (n = 5), ages 8 and 18 years | The use of video teleconferencing as a combined method reduced the severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder. |
Baer et al. [17] | 1995 | USA | Investigating the effect of using telemedicine and comparing it with face-to-face treatment for patients with OCD. | Videoconference | Patients with OCD (n = 16) | The effectiveness of using telemedicine for OCD symptoms was evident in the results. |
Comer et al. [18] | 2014 | USA | Investigating the treatment of early symptoms of OCD using video conferencing. | Videoconference | Children with OCD (n = 5), ages of 4 and 8 years | The improvement of symptoms and severity of the disease was determined using videoconferencing. |
Farrell et al. [19] | 2022 | Australia | Investigating the effectiveness of telehealth education for the treatment of OCD. | Videoconference | Children with OCD and parents (n = 9), ages 8 to 14 years | Providing education through telehealth for the management of OCD was partially effective. |
Feusner et al. [20] | 2022 | USA | Investigation of OCD treatment with online teletherapy. | Video teletherapy | Patients with OCD, ages ≥ 18 years | The results showed that the use of online video teletherapy reduces the symptoms of the disease. |
Fitt and Rees [23] | 2012 | Australia | Investigating the effect of cognitive therapy through video conferencing for OCD. | Videoconference | Adults with OCD (n = 4), ages 34 to 66 years | The effectiveness of the video conference to reduce the symptoms of OCD was evident in the results. |
Fletcher et al. [24] | 2022 | USA/Texas | Investigating the effectiveness of telehealth for exposure prevention and response of rural veterans with OCD. | Videoconference | Veterans (n = 11) with OCD, mean age 47.2 years | Telehealth videos were effective in reducing disease symptoms. |
Gittins Stone et al. [25] | 2023 | USA | Investigating the effect of using cognitive behavioral therapy using videoconferencing to treat children with obsessive-compulsive disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic. | Videoconference | Children and adolescents with OCD (n = 130), ages 8–19 years | The results showed that the use of videoconferencing to treat children reduces their symptoms. |
Goetter et al. [26] | 2014 | USA | Investigating the effectiveness of videoconferencing for the treatment of OCD. | Videoconference | Adults with OCD (n = 15), mean age of 32.2 years | The use of videoconferencing improves the symptoms of OCD and can be an alternative to face-to-face methods. |
Himle et al. [27] | 2006 | USA | Treatment of OCD using video conferencing. | Videoconference | Patients with OCD (n = 3), ages 19 to 39 years | The treatment using video conference was effective and resulted in patient satisfaction. |
Hollmann et al. [28] | 2022 | Germany | Investigating the effectiveness of internet-based treatment for patients with OCD. | Videoconference | Children and adolescents with OCD (n = 60), ages 6 to 18 years | Symptom improvement in patients with OCD using the telemedicine method was high. |
Kathiravan and Chakrabarti [29]. | 2023 | India | Investigating and feasibility of treating OCD using video conferencing in the COVID-19 pandemic. | Videoconference | Patients with OCD (n = 115), mean age 31.27 years | The findings showed that the treatment through video conferencing is suitable for OCD. |
Lenhard et al. [30] | 2014 | Sweden | Investigating the feasibility and efficacy of a therapist-led platform for the treatment of OCD. | Web-based platform and call | Adolescents with OCD (n = 21), ages 12–17 years | Using this platform, especially for adolescents, can be used as an effective tool in supporting treatment. |
Lin et al. [31] | 2020 | China | Remote treatment of patients with psychiatric disorders during COVID-19. | Telemedicine platform | Patients with psychiatric disorders (patients with OCD (n = 2)) | The results showed that the use of a telemedicine platform could provide effective medical care for the treatment of mental disorders during COVID-19. |
Matsumoto et al. [32] | 2018 | Japan | Investigating the feasibility of cognitive behavioral therapy through video conferencing for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. | Videoconference | Adults with OCD (n = 30), mean age 35.4 years | It is possible to use cognitive behavioral therapy through video conferencing to treat OCD and it can reduce symptoms. |
Matsumoto et al. [33] | 2020 | Japan | Investigating the effect of using videoconferencing for patients with OCD in Japan. | Videoconference | Adults with OCD (n = 25), ages 20 to 54 years | The results showed that the use of videoconferencing is an effective and cost-effective method for treating patients with OCD. |
Milosevic et al. [34] | 2022 | Canada | Comparison of face-to-face and telemedicine methods for managing anxiety and mental disorders. | Videoconference | Patients with anxiety disorders (n = 413), ages ≥ 18 years | The use of videoconferencing for the management of anxiety and mental disorders was promising and is considered an alternative to the face-to-face method. |
Pinciotti et al. [35] | 2022 | USA | Investigating the effectiveness of telehealth for the treatment of OCD in the COVID-19 pandemic. | Computerized platform | Patients diagnosed with OCD (n = 468), ages 18 to 75 years | Treatment via telehealth was as effective as face-to-face treatment. |
Storch et al. [36] | 2011 | USA | Investigating the effectiveness of treating OCD using a web camera. | Online program (using a webcam) | Youth with OCD (n = 31), ages 7–16 years | Using the web camera-based method improved symptoms in young people with OCD. |
Turner et al. [37] | 2014 | Australia | Evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of OCD over the phone for adolescents. | Call | Adolescents with OCD (n = 72), ages 11 to 18 years | The results showed that the treatment using the phone can be as effective as the face-to-face method and is associated with patients' satisfaction. |
Vogel et al. [38] | 2012 | Norway | Treatment of OCD using video conferencing and mobile phones. | Videoconference | Patients with OCD (n = 6), ages 24 to 44 years | OCD symptoms decreased by 50% with the use of mobile phone video conferencing. |
Vogel et al. [39] | 2014 | Norway | Investigating the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy using video conferencing for the treatment of OCD. | Videoconference | Patients with OCD (n = 30) | The treatment through video conference reduced the symptoms. |